發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-29 10:51

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 艾賓浩斯錯(cuò)覺 注意 時(shí)間知覺　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：數(shù)量理論(A theory of magnitude)認(rèn)為有一個(gè)普遍性的數(shù)量系統(tǒng)存在于我們的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)中,空間、時(shí)間和數(shù)量是數(shù)量系統(tǒng)的主要成分,并且時(shí)間、空間和數(shù)量具有共同的加工機(jī)制,時(shí)間估計(jì)和數(shù)量估計(jì)具有相似且部分共享的累加原則。很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與時(shí)間任務(wù)無關(guān)的空間信息、數(shù)量信息影響時(shí)間知覺,大圓或長(zhǎng)距離引起時(shí)間高估,小圓或短距離引起時(shí)間低估,大數(shù)字引起時(shí)間高估,小數(shù)字引起時(shí)間低估,證實(shí)了數(shù)量理論。模式控制理論從時(shí)間和數(shù)量共用起搏器這個(gè)方面解釋了數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間的干擾,注意閘門理論則認(rèn)為注意資源對(duì)時(shí)間任務(wù)和非時(shí)間任務(wù)的分配影響了時(shí)間知覺的判斷。需要說明的是,前人的研究多集中于探討客觀數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的影響,鮮有研究關(guān)注主觀數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的影響。艾賓浩斯錯(cuò)覺(Ebbinghaus illusion)指大小相同的圓,被大圓包圍時(shí)顯得比被小圓包圍時(shí)大,其中外周的圓被稱為誘導(dǎo)圓,中間的圓被稱為測(cè)驗(yàn)圓。本研究通過艾賓浩斯錯(cuò)覺的方法,改變圓形的主觀大小,探討主觀大小對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的影響,并進(jìn)一步考察注意指向是否與這種影響有關(guān)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一發(fā)現(xiàn)在大誘導(dǎo)圓條件下(測(cè)驗(yàn)圓主觀小)引起時(shí)間低估,小誘導(dǎo)圓條件下(測(cè)驗(yàn)圓主觀大)引起時(shí)間高估,復(fù)制了前人的研究結(jié)果。實(shí)驗(yàn)二和三以帶有數(shù)字的艾賓浩斯錯(cuò)覺圖形為材料,采用雙任務(wù)范式,要求被試完成時(shí)間判斷任務(wù)后,對(duì)誘導(dǎo)圓內(nèi)(實(shí)驗(yàn)二)或測(cè)驗(yàn)圓內(nèi)(實(shí)驗(yàn)三)的數(shù)字進(jìn)行奇偶判斷,改變被試的注意指向,實(shí)驗(yàn)二和實(shí)驗(yàn)三都發(fā)現(xiàn)主觀大小優(yōu)先對(duì)時(shí)間知覺產(chǎn)生影響,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)二中誘導(dǎo)圓內(nèi)的數(shù)字有影響時(shí)間知覺的趨勢(shì),實(shí)驗(yàn)三中的數(shù)字對(duì)時(shí)間知覺無影響,說明人們對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的判斷更多依賴于知覺到的大小。前三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)都發(fā)現(xiàn)了主觀大小對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的穩(wěn)定影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)四以一元、一角硬幣圖為大小誘導(dǎo)圓材料,五角硬幣圖為測(cè)驗(yàn)圓材料,探討具有固定心理量值的數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)主觀大小對(duì)時(shí)間知覺無影響,說明人們對(duì)時(shí)間知覺的判斷更多受到知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響,而不是知覺到的大小。
[Abstract]:A theory of quantity theory holds that there is a universal quantitative system in our cognitive system, space. Time and quantity are the main components of the quantitative system, and time, space and quantity have the same processing mechanism. Time estimation and quantitative estimation have similar and partially shared accumulative principle. Many studies have found that spatial information independent of time task, quantitative information affects time perception, large circle or long distance causes time overestimation. Small circles or short distances cause time underestimation, large numbers cause time overestimation, and small numbers cause time underestimations. The theory of mode control explains the interference of quantity to time from the aspect of time and quantity sharing pacemakers. Attention gate theory holds that the allocation of attention resources to time tasks and non-time tasks affects the judgment of time perception. Few studies have focused on the effect of subjective numbers on time perception. The Ebbinghaus illusions refer to circles of the same size. The outer circle is called the induced circle and the middle circle is called the test circle. This study changes the subjective size of the circle by the method of the Albinhaus illusion. To explore the influence of subjective size on time perception, and further investigate whether attention point is related to this effect. Experiment 1 found that under the condition of large induced circle (subjective small test circle), the time is underestimated. Under the condition of small induced circle (the subjective test circle is large), the time is overestimated, and the results of previous studies are replicated. Experiments two and three are based on the figure of the Albinhaus illusion with numbers, and adopt the two-task paradigm. After the participants were asked to complete the task of time judgment, the numbers in the induced circle (experiment 2) or the test circle (experiment 3) were judged even and odd, and the attention direction of the subjects was changed. Both experiment 2 and experiment 3 found that subjective size preference had an effect on time perception. In experiment 2, the number in the circle had a tendency to influence time perception, while the number in experiment 3 had no effect on time perception. The results show that the judgment of time perception is more dependent on the size of perception. The first three experiments found the stable effect of subjective size on time perception. The pentagonal coin chart was used as the test material to explore the effect of the quantity of fixed psychological value on time perception. The results showed that the subjective size had no effect on time perception. It shows that people's judgment of time perception is more influenced by knowledge and experience than by the size of perception.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842.2

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