【摘要】：山西省襄汾縣位于臨汾盆地南部,陶唐氏在這里觀象授時,教民稼穡,為百工技藝的萌芽創(chuàng)造了條件,木匠在這樣的人文環(huán)境中誕生。木匠技藝貫穿于民眾生活的各個方面,在長期的發(fā)展過程中,木匠不僅能熟練地掌握和使用工具進行木工活計,還在行業(yè)內形成了特定的行規(guī)和習俗,木匠技藝成為當地民眾習俗的活態(tài)展示。本文通過田野調查與文獻研究相結合的方法,以襄汾木匠群體為研究對象,研究木匠生產、組織形式及與之相關的習俗,對木匠技藝傳承與發(fā)展做必要思考。傳統的行規(guī)和習俗是木匠在長期的社會實踐中形成的,反映了木匠的做工態(tài)度和生活習慣。以手工業(yè)性質為基礎,木匠的組織結構由家庭手工作坊、流動手工業(yè)、市場化手工業(yè)、合作化手工業(yè)向工場手工業(yè)轉變,由單一化向多樣化發(fā)展。木匠技藝通過家族傳承、師徒傳承、集體組織傳承、職業(yè)教育傳承等方式不斷延續(xù),又隨著社會發(fā)展不斷變遷,使得行規(guī)、習俗以及與民眾生活的關系都發(fā)生了變化。木匠不是孤立的行業(yè)存在,他們通過行業(yè)崇拜與同行聯絡感情、交流技藝,并通過日常生活的各個方面和人生儀禮的各個階段參與到民眾的日常生活中。伴隨著市場經濟的發(fā)展,木匠與民眾生活發(fā)生了新的聯系,技藝習俗、工匠精神和傳統功能都發(fā)生了改變,如何適應當下的社會環(huán)境成為襄汾木匠應該思考的問題。本文通過對襄汾木匠生存現狀的調查,分析變遷產生的原因,并通過對木匠技藝在當代社會存在與發(fā)展案例的分析,為民間傳統技藝的傳承與保護帶來啟示。
[Abstract]:In that southern part of the Linfen basin, the Shanxi province, in the south of the Linfen basin, Tao Tang's view of the time, the teach of the people, create conditions for the germination of the art of the hundred and art, the carpenter was born in such a human environment. The carpenter's skill runs through all aspects of the people's life. In the long-term development process, the carpenter not only has the skill to master and use the tools to make the work of the woodwork, but also has formed specific rules and customs in the industry, the carpenter's skill becomes the living state display of the local people's custom. This paper, through the combination of field investigation and literature research, takes the carpenter's group as the research object, studies the production of the carpenter, the form of the organization and the related custom, and makes the necessary thinking about the inheritance and development of the carpenter's technique. The traditional rules and customs are formed by the carpenter in the long-term social practice, reflecting the work attitude and living habits of the carpenter. On the basis of the nature of the handicraft industry, the structure of the carpenter's organization is changed from the household manual workshop, the flow handicraft industry, the market-oriented handicraft industry and the cooperative handicraft industry to the workshop handicraft industry, and is developed by the singleness to the diversification. The art of the carpenter, through the inheritance of the family, the inheritance of the master, the inheritance of the collective organization, the inheritance of the vocational education, and so on, has changed with the changing of the social development, so that the rules, customs and the relationship with the people's life have changed. The carpenter is not an isolated industry, and they are engaged in the daily life of the people through the various stages of daily life and the various stages of life. Along with the development of the market economy, the carpenter and the people live a new connection, the technical custom, the craftsman's spirit and the traditional function have changed, how to adapt to the present social environment become the problem that the carpenter should think about. Through the investigation of the current situation of the survival of the carpenter's carpenter, this paper analyzes the causes of the change, and gives some enlightenment to the inheritance and protection of the folk traditional art through the analysis of the carpenter's skill in the present social existence and the development case.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K892.2

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