【摘要】：禮生,是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)禮儀、民間信仰生活中的重要主持人,參與神明崇拜、祖先祭祀、婚喪嫁娶等禮儀實(shí)踐,在祭禮中尤為突出。筆者將聞喜禮生做為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用田野調(diào)查與文獻(xiàn)研究相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)聞喜縣東西南北不同方位的禮生進(jìn)行了一年零三個(gè)月的田野調(diào)查,重點(diǎn)對(duì)12位優(yōu)秀的傳承人進(jìn)行了口述訪談。在此期間,具體參與了聞喜的滿(mǎn)月禮、葬禮以及大型裴h"祭祖的儀式活動(dòng),對(duì)禮生在儀式活動(dòng)中的角色與指導(dǎo)作用有切身的體會(huì)。河?xùn)|地區(qū)是人類(lèi)文明的發(fā)源地,地處其中的聞喜具有獨(dú)特的生態(tài)環(huán)境與人文環(huán)境,聞喜自古以來(lái)對(duì)儒學(xué)的重視,書(shū)院與文人的大量存在,蘊(yùn)育出強(qiáng)大的禮生群體。其組織形式為聞喜縣禮儀研究會(huì)與各個(gè)村落的紅白理事會(huì)。傳承方式以群體傳承與地緣傳承為主。他們的身份多為農(nóng)民,是區(qū)域內(nèi)德高望重之人;在農(nóng)村婚喪嫁娶、上梁、喬遷、小孩滿(mǎn)月、老人過(guò)壽、立碑等儀式活動(dòng)中擔(dān)任“總導(dǎo)演”的角色;是能人、紅人、忙人、苦人與累人。聞喜禮生的規(guī)模不等,無(wú)固定成員組合;主要行“家祭”儀式;執(zhí)禮有固定的程序,具有公開(kāi)性與可復(fù)制性。本文特別以典型傳承人潘開(kāi)基為例,通過(guò)展現(xiàn)他的生活實(shí)態(tài):從禮儀知識(shí)的習(xí)得與傳承、具體禮儀實(shí)踐、對(duì)聞喜禮儀的貢獻(xiàn)等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的剖析。由整體到個(gè)體,通過(guò)傳承人的生活史來(lái)反映禮生的傳承現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)一步通過(guò)禮生的執(zhí)禮來(lái)反映聞喜的文化特征與社會(huì)的變遷。
[Abstract]:Li Sheng, an important host in the life of Chinese traditional etiquette and folk belief, participates in the ritual practice of deity worship, ancestor sacrifice, marriage and funeral, and so on, especially in the ceremony. The author took Wen Xi Lisheng as the research object, using the method of combining field investigation with literature research, conducted a year and three months field survey on the students in different directions of east, west, north and south of Wenxi County. It focuses on the oral interview of 12 outstanding inheritors. During this period, he took part in the full moon ceremony, funeral and the ceremony of the large Pei'h ancestor worship, and had a close understanding of the role and guiding role of the ritual students in the ritual activities. The region of Hedong is the birthplace of human civilization. Wen Xi, who is located in it, has a unique ecological and humanistic environment. Wen Xi has attached great importance to Confucianism since ancient times, and the existence of academies and literati has brought up a strong group of ritual students. Its organization form is Wen Xi County etiquette research association and each village's red and white council. The main way of inheritance is group inheritance and geographical inheritance. Most of them are peasants, they are respectable people in the region; they play the role of "chief director" in ceremonies such as marriage and funeral in rural areas, Liang, housewarming, the full moon of children, the old people's longevity, and the setting up of monuments; they are capable people, red people, and busy people. Bitter and tiring. The scale of Wenxi students varies, there is no fixed group of members; the main line of "family sacrifice" ceremony; the conduct of the ceremony has a fixed procedure, open and replicable. This paper takes Pan Kaiji, a typical inheritor, as an example, through showing his real state of life: the acquisition and inheritance of etiquette knowledge, the specific practice of etiquette, the contribution of Wen Xi etiquette and so on. From the whole to the individual, it reflects the present situation of the inheritance of the ritual students by inheriting the life history of the people, and further reflects the cultural characteristics of Wen Xi and the changes of the society through the ceremony of the ritual students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K892.2

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