本文選題：傳統(tǒng)文化　切入點：觀念　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：政治現(xiàn)代化的研究過程中,越來越多的學(xué)者開始關(guān)注傳統(tǒng)文化對國家行為體的政治價值觀念的塑造作用和對其世界信念的意圖性指導(dǎo)作用。將國家做人格化的處理,傳統(tǒng)文化對國家外交的影響主要體現(xiàn)在各個國家行為體對自身、對他者和對世界的認(rèn)識和理解上,在國家的外交決策和外交行為中,同時包含了對自我利益的考量、對他者關(guān)系的處理和對世界秩序的認(rèn)識,因此從文化的角度分析一個國家的外交決策和外交行為的出發(fā)點和落腳點是有意義的。中國與美國是當(dāng)今世界最有影響力的兩個大國,短期內(nèi),中美兩國的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)也許不會改變,但在國際局勢風(fēng)云變幻的大背景下,文化作為一個相較于政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事等更為穩(wěn)定的影響因素,對于兩國外交的影響必然是更為持續(xù)和深刻的。中美兩國的傳統(tǒng)文化由于在形成上分別體現(xiàn)出綿延和擴張的特點,在發(fā)展中分別表現(xiàn)出內(nèi)向和外向的特征,使得兩國傳統(tǒng)文化最終在其自我觀、他者觀和世界觀上有明顯差異:在“義”“和”“天下”的傳統(tǒng)文化理念的影響下,中國文化習(xí)慣將自身視為環(huán)境的一部分,重視與他者的聯(lián)系和互動,尋求自我發(fā)展與環(huán)境發(fā)展的和諧;而在民族特性和宗教精神的影響下,美國文化則強調(diào)將自我的發(fā)展凌駕于環(huán)境的發(fā)展之上,劃分“我者”與“他者”的界線,追求自身在環(huán)境中的主導(dǎo)地位。在文化的視角下,中美兩國的外交表現(xiàn)出了明顯的不同:在對自我利益的追求上,中國外交目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)和外交行為的開展都須在確保國家利益的前提下最大限度地維護道義原則;而美國外交目的以自我利益的實現(xiàn)為最高指向,在自我利益最大化的基礎(chǔ)上衡量他者和世界的利益。在對他國關(guān)系的處理上,中國外交強調(diào)自我與他者的整體和諧,尋求與不同國家在不同層次上的合作;而美國在與他國的對外交往中既強調(diào)自身的例外和孤立,又不斷向外輸出美國價值觀和政治制度。在對全球體系的理解上,中國倡導(dǎo)環(huán)境中的個體共同維護世界體系的穩(wěn)定和協(xié)調(diào);而美國強調(diào)自己在現(xiàn)行體系中的主導(dǎo)作用,并通過加深對體系中不安定因素的遏制來維持自身的絕對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。
[Abstract]:In the research process of political modernization, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the role of traditional culture in shaping the political values of national actors and in guiding their world beliefs.To personalize the state, the influence of traditional culture on national diplomacy is mainly reflected in the understanding and understanding of the actors of each country to themselves, to others and to the world, and in the diplomatic decision-making and behavior of the state.At the same time, it includes the consideration of self-interest, the handling of the relationship between others and the understanding of the world order, so it is meaningful to analyze the starting point and the end of a country's diplomatic decision-making and behavior from the perspective of culture.China and the United States are the two most influential powers in the world today. In the short term, the power structure of China and the United States may not change. But against the background of the changing international situation, culture as a comparison to politics, economy,More stable factors, such as the military, will inevitably have a more lasting and profound impact on the diplomacy of the two countries.The traditional culture of China and the United States shows the characteristics of continuity and expansion in formation, and introversion and extroversion in development, which makes the traditional culture of China and the United States end up in their self-view.Under the influence of the traditional cultural ideas of "meaning" and "the world", Chinese cultural habits regard themselves as part of the environment and attach importance to the connection and interaction with others.Under the influence of national identity and religious spirit, American culture emphasizes putting the development of self above the development of environment and dividing the boundary between the "self" and "other".Pursue your own dominant position in the environment.From a cultural perspective, the diplomacy of China and the United States shows obvious differences: in the pursuit of self-interest,The realization of China's diplomatic goals and the development of diplomatic acts must safeguard the moral principle to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring the national interests, while the United States' diplomatic purposes are directed at the realization of self-interest.Measure the interests of the other and the world on the basis of maximization of self-interest.In dealing with other countries' relations, China's diplomacy emphasizes the overall harmony between itself and the other, and seeks cooperation with different countries at different levels, while the United States emphasizes its own exceptions and isolation in its foreign relations with other countries.And continue to export American values and political systems.In understanding the global system, China advocates that individuals in the environment work together to maintain the stability and coordination of the world system, while the United States stresses its leading role in the current system.And to maintain their absolute leadership by deepening the containment of instability in the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D822.3;D871.2;G112

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