【摘要】： 在新世紀的中美關系中,中美結構性矛盾成為雙方?jīng)_突的核心。研究結構性矛盾首先需要確定結構的含義。西方學者理解的中美結構性矛盾就是中美在國際體系中的矛盾;而中國學者對中美結構性矛盾的理解更偏重于中美關系本身結構中的矛盾。 本文首先應用結構主義理論提煉出中美關系“自行車”式的基本結構,中美之間的復雜聯(lián)系構成了自行車的基本框架,結構性合作與結構性矛盾組成自行車的兩個車輪。主動輪提供動力,代表的是能夠推進中美關系發(fā)展的結構性合作因素,包括復合型相互依賴、文明的交流、復合型機制、維護世界和平與穩(wěn)定和反恐因素。從動輪代表的是能夠阻礙中美關系發(fā)展的結構性矛盾因素,包括意識形態(tài)分歧、文明的差異、地緣政治競爭、“崛起”與“守成”大國的沖突和臺灣問題。然后,根據(jù)解構主義的理論分析中美關系結構的發(fā)展及其規(guī)律。最后根據(jù)建構主義的理論探討了解決中美結構性矛盾的消解路徑。中美結構性矛盾既包含結構性因素,又包含非結構性因素。在新的歷史時期,中美關系必須直面根本性的分歧,而無法繼續(xù)擱置爭議。中美結構性矛盾中的非結構性因素成為新時期中美關系發(fā)展的新空間。 “崛起國”與“霸權國”的沖突中包括中國和平發(fā)展的和平本質(zhì)、全球化的發(fā)展環(huán)境、大國和平和合作的時代與和平崛起的先例等非結構性因素。地緣政治競爭包括美國的地區(qū)實力平衡戰(zhàn)略、東亞各國尋求地區(qū)穩(wěn)定、中國威脅的非現(xiàn)實性與美國穩(wěn)定東亞局勢的意愿等非結構性因素。意識形態(tài)分歧與文明的差異包括冷戰(zhàn)后意識形態(tài)的斗爭逐漸淡化、文明的交流與融合和錯誤知覺等非結構性因素。臺灣問題包括中美希望避免沖突、兩岸交往日益密切、美國對臺軍售受到很大制約等非結構性矛盾。 根據(jù)影響中美關系發(fā)展的因素,本文描述了未來中美關系可能出現(xiàn)的三種情景:全面沖突、混沌狀態(tài)和戰(zhàn)略互信。在處理中美關系的過程中應該預防全面沖突,促進合作關系,鞏固機制成果。
[Abstract]:In the new century, the structural contradiction between China and the United States has become the core of the conflict between China and the United States. The study of structural contradictions first needs to determine the meaning of the structure. The structural contradiction between China and the United States is the contradiction between China and the United States in the international system, and the understanding of the structural contradiction between China and the United States by Chinese scholars is more focused on the contradictions in the structure of Sino-US relations. In this paper, the basic structure of bicycles in Sino-US relations is extracted from the theory of structuralism. The complex relations between China and the United States constitute the basic framework of bicycles, and the structural cooperation and structural contradictions constitute the two wheels of bicycles. The initiative wheel provides impetus for structural cooperation factors that can promote the development of Sino-US relations, including complex interdependence, civilized exchanges, complex mechanisms, safeguarding world peace and stability, and counter-terrorism factors. The driven wheel represents the structural contradictions that can hinder the development of Sino-US relations, including ideological differences, differences in civilization, geopolitical competition, the conflict between "rising" and "defending" powers, and the Taiwan issue. Then, according to the theory of deconstructionism, the development and law of Sino-US relationship structure are analyzed. Finally, according to the theory of constructivism, the way to resolve the structural contradiction between China and the United States is discussed. The structural contradiction between China and the United States contains both structural and non-structural factors. In a new historical period, Sino-US relations must face fundamental differences and cannot continue to shelve disputes. The non-structural factors in the structural contradiction between China and the United States have become a new space for the development of Sino-US relations in the new period. The conflicts between "rising states" and "hegemons" include the peaceful nature of China's peaceful development, the development environment of globalization, the era of peace and cooperation among great powers, and the precedent of peaceful rise. Geopolitical competition includes non-structural factors such as the regional power balance strategy of the United States, the search for regional stability by East Asian countries, the non-reality of China's threat and the willingness of the United States to stabilize the situation in East Asia. The differences between ideology and civilization include non-structural factors, such as the ideological struggle after the Cold War, the communication and fusion of civilization and false perception. The Taiwan issue includes non-structural contradictions such as Sino-US hopes to avoid conflict, closer cross-strait exchanges, and great constraints on US arms sales to Taiwan. According to the factors that influence the development of Sino-US relations, this paper describes three possible scenarios of Sino-US relations in the future: all-round conflict, chaotic state and strategic mutual trust. In the process of handling Sino-US relations, we should prevent all-round conflicts, promote cooperative relations, and consolidate the achievements of the mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D822.371.2

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