【摘要】：1917-1945年間蘇聯(lián)與波羅的海三國關系的發(fā)展大致歷經(jīng)了三國贏得獨立、雙方和平共處、三國被蘇聯(lián)兼并三個階段。蘇聯(lián)對波羅的海三國的外交政策也歷經(jīng)了從列寧時代的和平外交、30年代集體安全嘗試、二戰(zhàn)前的安全自保的演變歷程。在列寧時代，蘇聯(lián)與波羅的海三國建立起平等的外交關系；歐洲法西斯勢力興起之后，蘇聯(lián)進一步與波羅的海三國簽訂《國防安全互助條約》，在三國境內設立軍事基地；隨著二戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)及戰(zhàn)爭進程的發(fā)展，蘇聯(lián)吞并了波羅的海三國。 蘇聯(lián)對波羅的海三國外交政策的演變主要源于歐洲安全格局的演變，德國的復興及法西斯化推動了蘇聯(lián)采取一系列預防性安全政策，，不斷侵蝕波羅的海三國主權，直至兼并。俄國擴張的歷史傳統(tǒng)及對波羅的海出海口的向往，是蘇聯(lián)侵吞波羅的海三國的深層文化因素和國家利益的驅動。斯大林的國家安全觀的實踐體現(xiàn)出蘇聯(lián)大國沙文主義和強權政治的理念。 蘇聯(lián)建國初期的和平外交是社會主義國家對外交往的成功實踐；30年代的集體安全是基于自愿互助原則而采取的必要舉措。然而，吞并波羅的海三國，建立所謂的“東方戰(zhàn)線”的政策則是赤裸裸的侵略，這既損害了蘇聯(lián)社會主義國家的形象，也未起到應有的安全緩沖作用。蘇聯(lián)對波羅三國外交政策的經(jīng)驗教訓為當今國際社會中的大國在處理與小國關系時提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:From 1917 to 1945, the development of the relations between the Soviet Union and the three Baltic states had three stages: the three countries won their independence, the two sides coexisted peacefully, and the three countries were annexed by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the three Baltic countries has also undergone the evolution from the peaceful diplomacy of Lenin's time, the collective security attempt in the 1930s and the self-protection of security before World War II. In Lenin's time, the Soviet Union established equal diplomatic relations with the three Baltic countries. After the rise of European fascist forces, the Soviet Union and the Baltic States signed the Treaty of Mutual Assistance for National Defense and Security and set up military bases in the three countries. With the outbreak of World War II and the development of the war process, the Soviet Union annexed the Baltic three countries. The evolution of the Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the three Baltic countries was mainly due to the evolution of the European security structure. The revival and fascism of Germany pushed the Soviet Union to adopt a series of preventive security policies, which continued to erode the sovereignty of the three Baltic countries until the annexation. The historical tradition of Russia's expansion and its yearning for the opening of the Baltic Sea are the deep cultural factors and national interests driven by Soviet usurpation of the three Baltic countries. The practice of Stalin's concept of national security embodies the concept of chauvinism and power politics of Soviet powers. The peaceful diplomacy in the early days of the founding of the Soviet Union was the successful practice of the socialist countries in their foreign exchanges, and collective security in the 1930s was a necessary measure based on the principle of voluntary mutual assistance. However, the policy of annexing the three Baltic states and establishing the so-called "Eastern Front" was an outright aggression, which damaged the image of the Soviet Socialist countries and did not serve as a security buffer. The experience and lessons of the Soviet Union's foreign policy to the three Baltic countries provide reference for the great powers in the international community in dealing with the relations with the small countries.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D851.2

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