發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-20 10:50

【摘要】：英國(guó)是世界上較早開始進(jìn)行對(duì)外援助的國(guó)家之一,自2005年之后已成為歐盟第一大援助國(guó)。在長(zhǎng)期的對(duì)外援助實(shí)踐中,英國(guó)對(duì)外援助的結(jié)構(gòu)、政府機(jī)構(gòu)和援助理念都發(fā)生了一定的變化:英國(guó)的對(duì)外援助方式逐步由工程援助轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轫?xiàng)目援助,援助重點(diǎn)部門也相應(yīng)地從工業(yè)部門轉(zhuǎn)為教育、公共健康及其它社會(huì)部門,捆綁性對(duì)外援助逐步減少;英國(guó)的對(duì)外援助政府機(jī)構(gòu)隨著工黨和保守黨的輪流執(zhí)政,部門地位時(shí)高時(shí)低;在對(duì)外援助理念方面,英國(guó)也從早期的對(duì)受援國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)受援國(guó)提出民主化政治改革的新要求。 筆者認(rèn)為,造成英國(guó)對(duì)外援助發(fā)生的因素主要有:1.冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束使得英國(guó)不再面臨來自于東方陣營(yíng)的壓力,在對(duì)外援助中獲得了更多的主動(dòng)權(quán);2.英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)工黨和保守黨由于對(duì)對(duì)外援助態(tài)度不同,而在輪流執(zhí)政過程中帶來的變化;3.國(guó)際組織在對(duì)外援助領(lǐng)域?qū)Πl(fā)展等核心概念理解的不斷進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:Britain, one of the world's earliest aid donors, has become the EU's largest donor since 2005. In the long-term foreign aid practice, the British foreign aid structure, government agencies and aid concepts have undergone certain changes: Britain's foreign aid mode has gradually changed from engineering aid to project aid. The shift of priority sectors from the industrial sector to education, public health and other social sectors has been accompanied by a gradual decline in bundled foreign aid; Britain's foreign aid government agencies as the Labour Party and the Conservative Party in turn, the status of departments when high and low; In the aspect of foreign aid concept, Britain has also changed from an early focus on the economic situation of the recipient country to a new demand for democratic political reform of the recipient country. I believe that the main causes of British foreign aid are: 1. With the end of the Cold War, Britain no longer faced pressure from the East camp and gained more initiative in foreign aid; 2. Britain's Labor Party and Conservative Party due to different attitudes towards foreign aid, and in the process of taking turns in the process of change; 3. International organizations are developing their understanding of core concepts such as development in the field of foreign aid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D856.1

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