【摘要】：從《1998年國際宗教自由法》在美國通過,1999年公布第一個(gè)《年度宗教自由報(bào)告》以來,美國已經(jīng)發(fā)布了12個(gè)《年度宗教自由報(bào)告》,其中有8個(gè)報(bào)告是在小布什執(zhí)政時(shí)期。這8個(gè)《年度宗教自由報(bào)告》都把中國列為“需要特別關(guān)注國家”,并對(duì)中國的宗教人口數(shù)量、宗教自由狀況、宗教信仰狀況、宗教活動(dòng)狀況、宗教政策以及中國政府的行為無端指責(zé)。甚至,美國在報(bào)告中還指出:“美國官員定期向中國政府官員提出宗教自由問題”,“美國國務(wù)院、美國駐北京大使館以及美國駐成都、廣州、上海、沈陽和武漢的領(lǐng)事館定期敦促中國政府在國內(nèi)擴(kuò)大宗教自由”,除此之外“根據(jù)《國際宗教自由法》對(duì)中國采取的限行經(jīng)濟(jì)措施包括限制向中國出口犯罪控制和偵查的儀器和設(shè)備”�？梢�,美國政府對(duì)中國的外交中,極為關(guān)注中國的“宗教”狀況,并以此為契機(jī)擴(kuò)大美國的控制力、提升美國的國際形象,宗教成為其又一有力的外交工具。因此我們有必要對(duì)美國對(duì)華外交中的宗教因素進(jìn)行研究,在理解美國宗教外交實(shí)質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)美國予以回?fù)簟?文章主體共分為五個(gè)部分 第一部分是文章的理論基礎(chǔ),指出了美國宗教與外交的關(guān)系。一個(gè)國家在長期歷史上塑造的文化傳統(tǒng)、道德觀念、宗教信仰和意識(shí)形態(tài)都會(huì)潛移默化地影響這個(gè)國家的人民。宗教在美國生活和政治中具有不可小視的地位和作用。 第二部分分析了小布什政府外交中濃重的宗教色彩。小布什的宗教信仰極為虔誠,他自稱是一個(gè)重生的基督徒。小布什的言語措辭和外交政策中都有許多宗教印記。在其執(zhí)政時(shí)期,基督教新右翼的興起,“新天定命運(yùn)”的發(fā)展都推動(dòng)了布什主義產(chǎn)生,導(dǎo)致了新保守主義的重新崛起。 第三部分,在列舉美國對(duì)華外交的基礎(chǔ)上,用事實(shí)說明了宗教因素對(duì)小布什政府對(duì)華外交的影響。重視宗教自由的人權(quán)外交、對(duì)中國大加關(guān)注的《年度宗教自由報(bào)告》、加進(jìn)宗教滲透等等都成為小布什政府對(duì)華外交的突出特點(diǎn)。 第四部分是美國對(duì)華外交中突出宗教因素的原因分析,基于前面對(duì)小布什政府對(duì)華外交的宗教因素的研究,我們很容易看到中美之間的宗教分歧的實(shí)質(zhì)。外交使內(nèi)政的延續(xù)。做“世界超級(jí)大國”的的夢(mèng)想,對(duì)國家利益的永恒追求,是美國從事一切活動(dòng)的動(dòng)力,突出宗教因素的外交也只是其外交手段之一而已。 第五部分是對(duì)策分析。在熟悉美國對(duì)華突出宗教因素的實(shí)際,了解其外交實(shí)質(zhì)和中美宗教差異的基礎(chǔ)上,提出中國應(yīng)對(duì)美國外交的合理措施。
[Abstract]:Since the International religious Freedom Act of 1998 was passed in the United States and the first Annual report on religious Freedom was published in 1999, the United States has issued 12 Annual religious Freedom reports, 8 of which were in the Bush administration. The eight annual religious Freedom reports all listed China as "in need of special attention to the state", and gave an account of China's religious population, status of religious freedom, status of religious belief, and status of religious activities. Religious policies and unwarranted accusations of Chinese government action. Even in the report, the United States pointed out: "American officials regularly raise the issue of religious freedom with Chinese government officials." the United States Department of State, the United States Embassy in Beijing, and the United States in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Consulates in Shenyang and Wuhan regularly urged the Chinese government to expand religious freedom in the country. " In addition, "restrictive economic measures against China under the International Law on religious Freedom include restrictions on the export of instruments and equipment for crime control and investigation to China". It can be seen that the US government pays great attention to China's "religion" in its diplomacy with China, and takes this opportunity to expand American control and enhance the international image of the United States. Religion has become another powerful diplomatic tool. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the religious factors in American diplomacy with China and strike back at the United States on the basis of understanding the essence of American religious diplomacy. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is the theoretical basis of the article, pointing out the relationship between American religion and diplomacy. The cultural traditions, moral values, religious beliefs and ideologies that a country has shaped over a long period of time have a subtle influence on its people. Religion plays an important role in American life and politics. The second part analyzes the strong religious color in Bush administration diplomacy. Bush Jr. was so religious that he described himself as a reborn Christian. Bush's language and foreign policy have many religious marks. During his reign, the rise of the Christian New right and the development of New Destiny promoted the emergence of Bushism and led to the re-emergence of neoconservatism. The third part, on the basis of enumerating American diplomacy with China, explains the influence of religious factors on Bush administration's diplomacy to China with facts. The human rights diplomacy which attaches great importance to religious freedom, the Annual report on religious Freedom, which pays great attention to China, and the introduction of religious infiltration have all become the prominent characteristics of Bush administration's diplomacy towards China. The fourth part is the analysis of the causes of the prominent religious factors in American diplomacy to China. Based on the previous research on the religious factors of Bush Administration's diplomacy to China, we can easily see the essence of the religious differences between China and the United States. Diplomacy perpetuates internal affairs. The dream of being a "world superpower" and the eternal pursuit of national interests are the driving force for the United States to engage in all its activities, and diplomacy, which emphasizes religious factors, is only one of its diplomatic means. The fifth part is the countermeasure analysis. On the basis of being familiar with the facts of the prominent religious factors of the United States towards China and understanding the essence of its diplomacy and the religious differences between China and the United States, this paper puts forward reasonable measures for China to deal with American diplomacy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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本文編號(hào)：2313017