【摘要】：當(dāng)前，中國在石油安全領(lǐng)域面臨著日益嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，其突出表現(xiàn)為受國際石油市場供應(yīng)量及原油價(jià)格波動(dòng)影響較大且進(jìn)口石油的安全運(yùn)輸受到各種潛在的非傳統(tǒng)安全因素的威脅；同時(shí)，中國積極開展石油安全領(lǐng)域國際多邊合作的努力受到諸多政治因素的影響。 在全球石油形勢(shì)不容樂觀的大背景下，僅僅依靠開發(fā)本國新油田、加大進(jìn)口量及提高石油利用效率等手段難以確保本國的石油安全；因而，拓展石油安全領(lǐng)域國際多邊合作的廣度和深度，，提升合作的實(shí)效是當(dāng)下中國解決石油安全問題的關(guān)鍵所在。 目前，中國開展石油安全領(lǐng)域國際多邊合作存在的問題主要有：在穩(wěn)定石油供應(yīng)量與世界主要的石油合作組織開展的實(shí)質(zhì)性合作不多；在抵御石油價(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及解決石油“亞洲溢價(jià)”方面開展的多邊合作實(shí)質(zhì)性效用不強(qiáng)；在保障石油運(yùn)輸安全以及提升石油利用過程中環(huán)境安全方面，中國參與的國際石油領(lǐng)域多邊合作機(jī)制的范圍有限。本文對(duì)上述問題進(jìn)行了深入探討，并結(jié)合本國國情，有針對(duì)性地提出了對(duì)策建議。 首先，在穩(wěn)定石油供應(yīng)方面，應(yīng)逐步使石油進(jìn)口來源地多元化，并提升拉美及俄羅斯地區(qū)進(jìn)口原油在我國原油進(jìn)口總量中的比重，同時(shí)逐步擴(kuò)大我國石油公司在海外的股權(quán)投資范圍，此外還應(yīng)加快推動(dòng)亞洲相關(guān)國家建立聯(lián)合石油儲(chǔ)備體系。第二，針對(duì)國際油價(jià)波動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，應(yīng)加快推動(dòng)國際原油定價(jià)機(jī)制改革；同時(shí)，應(yīng)提升與亞洲相關(guān)國家合作力度，解決石油進(jìn)口“亞洲溢價(jià)”問題。第三，針對(duì)石油安全運(yùn)輸問題，應(yīng)加緊建立海盜襲擊聯(lián)合應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制及防范其他非傳統(tǒng)安全的應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。第四，針對(duì)石油利用過程中環(huán)境安全問題，應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)科技交流與技術(shù)共享力度，同時(shí)加緊建立突發(fā)時(shí)間的應(yīng)急處理機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:At present, China is facing increasingly serious challenges in the field of oil security. It is strongly affected by fluctuations in the supply of international oil markets and the price of crude oil, and the safe transportation of imported oil is threatened by various potential non-traditional security factors; at the same time, China's efforts to actively develop multilateral international cooperation in the field of oil security are influenced by many political factors. Against the background of the global oil situation, it is difficult to ensure the oil security of our country by only relying on the development of new oil fields in our country, increasing the import volume and improving the oil utilization efficiency. Expanding the breadth and depth of international multilateral cooperation in the field of oil security and enhancing the effectiveness of cooperation is the key to solve the problem of oil security in China. At present, the main problems of international multilateral cooperation in the field of oil security are as follows: the substantial cooperation between China and the major petroleum cooperation organizations in the world is not enough in stabilizing the oil supply; Multilateral cooperation in resisting oil price risks and addressing the "Asian premium" of oil is of limited substantive utility; in terms of ensuring the safety of oil transportation and enhancing environmental security in the use of oil, China's participation in the multilateral cooperation mechanism in the international petroleum field is limited. In this paper, the above problems are discussed in depth, and the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the national conditions. First of all, in order to stabilize oil supply, we should gradually diversify the sources of oil imports and increase the proportion of imported crude oil from Latin America and Russia in the total crude oil imports of China. At the same time, the scope of overseas equity investment of Chinese oil companies should be expanded step by step. In addition, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a joint oil reserve system in relevant Asian countries. Second, in view of the risk of international oil price fluctuation, we should speed up the reform of the international crude oil pricing mechanism; at the same time, we should step up cooperation with relevant Asian countries to solve the problem of "Asian premium" in oil imports. Third, to solve the problem of oil transportation, we should establish the joint response mechanism of pirate attack and the emergency linkage mechanism to prevent other non-traditional security. Fourth, in view of the environmental safety problem in the process of petroleum utilization, we should strengthen the exchange of science and technology and share technology, and at the same time, we should set up the emergency management mechanism of unexpected time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共廣東省委黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D822.3;F426.22

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李偉建;國際關(guān)系中的能源因素[J];阿拉伯世界;2001年04期

2 夏立平;美國國際能源戰(zhàn)略與中美能源合作[J];當(dāng)代亞太;2005年01期

3 朱光強(qiáng);;困境與協(xié)調(diào):探析中俄能源合作的博弈——以俄遠(yuǎn)東輸油項(xiàng)目為例[J];俄羅斯研究;2009年04期

4 沈小鈺;;論跨國石油公司在非洲的能源博弈[J];國際關(guān)系學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年01期

5 張仕榮;;關(guān)于確立中國海外能源“多元化”戰(zhàn)略的幾點(diǎn)思考[J];國際關(guān)系學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年06期

6 趙宏圖;;能源合作:中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的新動(dòng)力[J];國際石油經(jīng)濟(jì);2009年10期

7 趙春珍;龔偉;;關(guān)于中國與拉美能源關(guān)系發(fā)展問題的若干思考[J];國際論壇;2009年06期

8 何帆;;對(duì)中國能源政策的幾點(diǎn)建議[J];國際經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)論;2007年04期

9 白永輝;趙明昊;;從“利益攸關(guān)方”到“戰(zhàn)略保證”——政治—經(jīng)濟(jì)的分析視角[J];國際政治研究;2010年02期

10 薛力;;馬六甲海峽海盜活動(dòng)的趨勢(shì)與特征——一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析[J];國際政治研究;2011年02期

本文編號(hào)：2248706