區(qū)域公共產品與東亞衛(wèi)生合作（2002-2009）
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-18 17:54
【摘要】： 2002-2003年爆發(fā)的SARS危機深刻揭示了傳染病在全球化背景下的巨大威力。這場危機已經過去7年,但是艾滋病、高致病性禽流感、甲型H1N1流感等各類新發(fā)和復發(fā)傳染病依舊在不斷威脅著人類的健康與安全,也在悄然影響著國家間的政治經濟交往。公共衛(wèi)生正在日益成為影響國際關系的一個重要變量。 東亞是受SARS危機打擊最嚴重的地區(qū)。危機意識薄弱,公共衛(wèi)生水平低下,國家間協調與合作不力,都加重了東亞地區(qū)在面對公共衛(wèi)生危機時的脆弱性。不過,與1997年金融危機不同的是,東亞國家在危機期間就迅速達成一致,主要依靠域內國家的通力合作成功抵御了這場危機。東亞衛(wèi)生合作正是從SARS危機期間建立區(qū)域聯防聯控機制起步的。這一案例為研究區(qū)域公共產品的有效供給對地區(qū)穩(wěn)定與繁榮的作用,以及區(qū)域公共產品與地區(qū)合作和地區(qū)一體化的關系提供了生動的素材和啟發(fā)性的思考。 區(qū)域公共產品理論是研究和解釋地區(qū)合作和地區(qū)一體化趨勢的一個新的理論視角。在國際公共產品供給不足的情況下,由域內國家聯合起來對適用于本地區(qū)、服務于本地區(qū)的相關區(qū)域公共產品進行籌措、融資和管理的做法,將是今后國際關系中的一大趨勢。區(qū)域公共產品的政策含義在于,國家可以通過為公共產品承擔一定的成本而不是“搭便車”的做法,來分享地區(qū)機制建設的收益。參與區(qū)域公共產品的供給,推動地區(qū)合作,對東亞國家來說同樣具有吸引力。 不過,東亞合作過程中所面臨的政治安全因素、價值認同因素和域外因素這三大障礙決定了東亞區(qū)域公共產品的供給不是市場內在的需求,與歐盟和北美自由貿易區(qū)相比,由危機推動東亞區(qū)域公共產品供給的特征十分明顯。因此,東亞一體化復制歐盟從自由貿易區(qū)、關稅同盟、共同市場、經濟與貨幣聯盟到完全經濟一體化的“五段論模式”是不現實的。東亞合作必須尋找新的突破點。 從公共衛(wèi)生入手擴充東亞的區(qū)域公共產品是一個新思路。公共衛(wèi)生是一個充滿善意的領域,它關乎健康、生存、安全的人類共同價值,在這個非政治、非傳統(tǒng)、非典型的領域里提供區(qū)域公共產品可以降低東亞國家間合作的壁壘與成本,培養(yǎng)信任基礎,為進一步擴大合作機制摸索探路。從這個意義上說,在公共衛(wèi)生領域提供區(qū)域公共產品對東亞合作和一體化具有先導作用。本文的論述就是從理論和事實兩個方面來證明,衛(wèi)生公共產品的供給能夠對地區(qū)政治和經濟產生積極的外部收益,以衛(wèi)生合作為突破口,是推動東亞走向全面合作的有效路徑。 對中國的地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略來說,同樣也必須重視公共衛(wèi)生。中國外交在SARS危機期間的得失對比恰恰證明,為區(qū)域衛(wèi)生公共產品做貢獻更容易贏得鄰國的尊重。中國的“地區(qū)大國責任”如何以更令鄰國信服的、放心的、歡迎的方式來體現,這是對中國外交智慧的考驗。本文最后的觀點是,積極主動地提供區(qū)域公共產品是中國為地區(qū)做貢獻的主要途徑,公共衛(wèi)生盡管不是中國外交戰(zhàn)略的重點,但卻應當成為中國區(qū)域公共產品供給中的優(yōu)先序列對象。 東亞衛(wèi)生合作的時間并不長,區(qū)域衛(wèi)生公共產品的成果有限。因此,本文從區(qū)域公共產品的角度切入對東亞衛(wèi)生合作的研究,很大程度上是探索性、啟發(fā)性和思考性的。無論如何,公共衛(wèi)生是一個值得在理論和實踐中引起重視的新領域。
[Abstract]:The SARS crisis in 2002-2003 has profoundly revealed the enormous power of infectious diseases in the context of globalization. It has been seven years since the crisis, but new and recurrent infectious diseases such as AIDS, highly pathogenic avian influenza, influenza A (H1N1) continue to threaten human health and security, and quietly affect the political economy among countries. Public health is increasingly becoming an important variable affecting international relations.
East Asia is the worst hit by the SARS crisis. Weak crisis awareness, low level of public health, and weak coordination and cooperation among countries all aggravate the vulnerability of the region in the face of public health crises. East Asian health cooperation started with the establishment of regional joint defense and control mechanism during the SARS crisis. This case provides a livelihood for studying the role of effective supply of regional public goods in regional stability and prosperity, and the relationship between regional public goods and regional cooperation and regional integration. Moving material and inspiring thinking.
The theory of regional public goods is a new theoretical perspective to study and explain the trend of regional cooperation and regional integration.Under the circumstance of insufficient supply of international public goods, the countries within the region should unite to raise, finance and manage the public goods applicable to the region and serving the region concerned. The policy implication of regional public goods is that the state can share the benefits of regional mechanism building by taking certain costs for public goods rather than by "hitchhiking". Participating in the supply of regional public goods and promoting regional cooperation are equally attractive to East Asian countries.
However, the political security factors, value identification factors and extraterritorial factors in the process of East Asian cooperation determine that the supply of public goods in East Asia is not an inherent demand of the market. Compared with the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area, the crisis-driven supply of public goods in East Asia is very obvious. It is unrealistic to replicate the EU's "five-syllogism" model from free trade zones, customs unions, common markets, economic and monetary unions to full economic integration.
It is a new idea to expand the regional public goods in East Asia from the perspective of public health.Public health is a field full of goodwill,which concerns the common values of health,survival and safety of mankind.Providing regional public goods in this non-political,non-traditional and non-typical field can reduce the barriers and costs of cooperation among East Asian countries. In this sense, the provision of regional public goods in the field of public health plays a leading role in East Asian cooperation and integration. The external income, taking health cooperation as a breakthrough, is an effective way to promote East Asia's comprehensive cooperation.
China's diplomacy during the SARS crisis has proved that it is easier to win the respect of its neighbors by contributing to regional public health products. China's diplomatic wisdom is tested. The final point of this paper is that the active provision of regional public goods is the main way for China to contribute to the region. Public health, though not the focus of China's diplomatic strategy, should be the priority in the supply of regional public goods in China.
The time of East Asian health cooperation is not long, and the achievements of regional health public goods are limited. Therefore, the study of East Asian health cooperation from the perspective of regional public goods is to a large extent exploratory, inspiring and thinking.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D814.1
本文編號：2248670
[Abstract]:The SARS crisis in 2002-2003 has profoundly revealed the enormous power of infectious diseases in the context of globalization. It has been seven years since the crisis, but new and recurrent infectious diseases such as AIDS, highly pathogenic avian influenza, influenza A (H1N1) continue to threaten human health and security, and quietly affect the political economy among countries. Public health is increasingly becoming an important variable affecting international relations.
East Asia is the worst hit by the SARS crisis. Weak crisis awareness, low level of public health, and weak coordination and cooperation among countries all aggravate the vulnerability of the region in the face of public health crises. East Asian health cooperation started with the establishment of regional joint defense and control mechanism during the SARS crisis. This case provides a livelihood for studying the role of effective supply of regional public goods in regional stability and prosperity, and the relationship between regional public goods and regional cooperation and regional integration. Moving material and inspiring thinking.
The theory of regional public goods is a new theoretical perspective to study and explain the trend of regional cooperation and regional integration.Under the circumstance of insufficient supply of international public goods, the countries within the region should unite to raise, finance and manage the public goods applicable to the region and serving the region concerned. The policy implication of regional public goods is that the state can share the benefits of regional mechanism building by taking certain costs for public goods rather than by "hitchhiking". Participating in the supply of regional public goods and promoting regional cooperation are equally attractive to East Asian countries.
However, the political security factors, value identification factors and extraterritorial factors in the process of East Asian cooperation determine that the supply of public goods in East Asia is not an inherent demand of the market. Compared with the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area, the crisis-driven supply of public goods in East Asia is very obvious. It is unrealistic to replicate the EU's "five-syllogism" model from free trade zones, customs unions, common markets, economic and monetary unions to full economic integration.
It is a new idea to expand the regional public goods in East Asia from the perspective of public health.Public health is a field full of goodwill,which concerns the common values of health,survival and safety of mankind.Providing regional public goods in this non-political,non-traditional and non-typical field can reduce the barriers and costs of cooperation among East Asian countries. In this sense, the provision of regional public goods in the field of public health plays a leading role in East Asian cooperation and integration. The external income, taking health cooperation as a breakthrough, is an effective way to promote East Asia's comprehensive cooperation.
China's diplomacy during the SARS crisis has proved that it is easier to win the respect of its neighbors by contributing to regional public health products. China's diplomatic wisdom is tested. The final point of this paper is that the active provision of regional public goods is the main way for China to contribute to the region. Public health, though not the focus of China's diplomatic strategy, should be the priority in the supply of regional public goods in China.
The time of East Asian health cooperation is not long, and the achievements of regional health public goods are limited. Therefore, the study of East Asian health cooperation from the perspective of regional public goods is to a large extent exploratory, inspiring and thinking.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D814.1
【引證文獻】
相關博士學位論文 前1條
1 傅干;區(qū)域公共產品視域下的朝鮮與東北亞合作研究[D];復旦大學;2012年
，本文編號：2248670
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