美國中東政策研究（1967-1974）
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 11:17
【摘要】： 阿以沖突一直是導致中東地區(qū)局勢動蕩、戰(zhàn)火不斷的重要原因之一。阿以問題能夠從冷戰(zhàn)之初、后冷戰(zhàn)時代直至走到今天,這是因為隨著國際局勢的發(fā)展,不斷有新的因素被注入到阿以問題中,從而衍生出新的問題和矛盾,并對世界局勢產(chǎn)生重大影響。同樣阿以沖突也主導并影響著美國中東政策的發(fā)展和變化。在冷戰(zhàn)時期,美國希望中東成為保衛(wèi)自由世界、抵抗共產(chǎn)主義和蘇聯(lián)勢力侵入的主要陣地,但是阿以間的矛盾一直是美國制定冷戰(zhàn)政策不得不考慮的一個重要因素,因此美國歷屆政府都十分重視解決阿以問題。 本文主要是對1967年到1974年美國中東政策進行研究,利用大量原始解密文件并借鑒相關的研究成果,試圖敘述中東地區(qū)阿以沖突的國際背景和美國遏制蘇聯(lián)的冷戰(zhàn)政策,闡述從約翰遜政府后期到尼克松政府時期美國中東政策發(fā)展變化的過程,進而揭示美國中東政策與中東局勢發(fā)展之間的互動關系。 本文在綜合運用歷史學和國際關系等學科理論的基礎上,對美國政府解密文件進行了細致縝密地梳理和分析,最終試圖說明問題如下:(1)由于正值越南戰(zhàn)爭,美國對六日戰(zhàn)爭的態(tài)度由最初的“克制”變成后來“默許”,變相同意了以色列對埃及等阿拉伯國家發(fā)動突然襲擊;(2)約旦危機是對尼克松政府的一次重大考驗,同時尼克松政府成功地處理危機,這為抵制蘇聯(lián)影響、協(xié)調(diào)阿以關系政策的實施奠定了基礎;(3)十月戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)極大地震驚了美國政府,特別是阿拉伯國家的石油武器成為影響美國調(diào)整中東政策的一個重要因素;(4)美國中東政策的制定和實行與美國同蘇聯(lián)、以色列、阿拉伯國家關系有著密切的聯(lián)系;(5)美國政府內(nèi)部對政策制定的不同主張,在一定程度上影響了美國中東政策的發(fā)展和變化。
[Abstract]:The Arab-Israeli conflict has been one of the major causes of instability and continuous fighting in the Middle East. The Arab-Israeli problem can go from the beginning of the Cold War, the post-Cold War era to the present day. This is because with the development of the international situation, new factors are constantly being injected into the Arab-Israeli issue, thus giving rise to new problems and contradictions. And have a major impact on the world situation. In the same way, the Arab-Israeli conflict also dominates and influences the development and change of American Middle East policy. During the Cold War, the United States hoped that the Middle East would become the main position to defend the free world and resist the invasion of communism and Soviet forces. However, the Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an important factor that the United States has to consider in formulating its Cold War policy. As a result, successive US administrations have attached great importance to resolving the Arab-Israeli issue. This paper mainly studies the American Middle East policy from 1967 to 1974. By using a large number of original declassified documents and relevant research results, this paper tries to describe the international background of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East region and the Cold War policy of the United States to contain the Soviet Union. This paper expounds the process of the development and change of American Middle East policy from the later period of Johnson Administration to the Nixon Administration, and further reveals the interactive relationship between American Middle East Policy and Middle East situation. On the basis of synthetically applying the theories of history and international relations, this paper combs and analyzes the documents declassified by the US government in detail and meticulously, and finally tries to explain the following problems: (1) due to the Vietnam War, The attitude of the United States towards the Six-Day War was changed from "restraint" to "acquiescence", which allowed Israel to launch a surprise attack on Egypt and other Arab countries; (2) the Jordanian crisis was a major test for the Nixon administration. At the same time, the Nixon administration successfully handled the crisis, which laid the foundation for resisting the Soviet influence and coordinating the implementation of Arab-Israeli relations policy. (3) the outbreak of the October war greatly shocked the American government. In particular, the oil weapons of the Arab countries have become an important factor affecting the adjustment of the United States' Middle East policy; (4) the formulation and implementation of the United States' Middle East policy and that of the United States, the Soviet Union and Israel, The relations between Arab countries are closely related; (5) the different opinions of the American government on policy making influence the development and change of American Middle East policy to some extent.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2;D815.4
本文編號：2238839
[Abstract]:The Arab-Israeli conflict has been one of the major causes of instability and continuous fighting in the Middle East. The Arab-Israeli problem can go from the beginning of the Cold War, the post-Cold War era to the present day. This is because with the development of the international situation, new factors are constantly being injected into the Arab-Israeli issue, thus giving rise to new problems and contradictions. And have a major impact on the world situation. In the same way, the Arab-Israeli conflict also dominates and influences the development and change of American Middle East policy. During the Cold War, the United States hoped that the Middle East would become the main position to defend the free world and resist the invasion of communism and Soviet forces. However, the Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an important factor that the United States has to consider in formulating its Cold War policy. As a result, successive US administrations have attached great importance to resolving the Arab-Israeli issue. This paper mainly studies the American Middle East policy from 1967 to 1974. By using a large number of original declassified documents and relevant research results, this paper tries to describe the international background of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East region and the Cold War policy of the United States to contain the Soviet Union. This paper expounds the process of the development and change of American Middle East policy from the later period of Johnson Administration to the Nixon Administration, and further reveals the interactive relationship between American Middle East Policy and Middle East situation. On the basis of synthetically applying the theories of history and international relations, this paper combs and analyzes the documents declassified by the US government in detail and meticulously, and finally tries to explain the following problems: (1) due to the Vietnam War, The attitude of the United States towards the Six-Day War was changed from "restraint" to "acquiescence", which allowed Israel to launch a surprise attack on Egypt and other Arab countries; (2) the Jordanian crisis was a major test for the Nixon administration. At the same time, the Nixon administration successfully handled the crisis, which laid the foundation for resisting the Soviet influence and coordinating the implementation of Arab-Israeli relations policy. (3) the outbreak of the October war greatly shocked the American government. In particular, the oil weapons of the Arab countries have become an important factor affecting the adjustment of the United States' Middle East policy; (4) the formulation and implementation of the United States' Middle East policy and that of the United States, the Soviet Union and Israel, The relations between Arab countries are closely related; (5) the different opinions of the American government on policy making influence the development and change of American Middle East policy to some extent.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2;D815.4
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前3條
1 高偉;1970年中東恐怖活動對尼克松政府“緩和”政策的挑戰(zhàn)[D];山東師范大學;2012年
2 王躍蓁;美國對埃及援助及美埃關系研究（1969-1977）[D];暨南大學;2012年
3 張華玉;十月戰(zhàn)爭時期的美國中東政策研究[D];華中師范大學;2013年
，本文編號：2238839
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/waijiao/2238839.html
最近更新
教材專著
