發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-06 16:53

【摘要】：張之洞是“身系朝局疆域之重者四十年”的晚清重臣,雖然張之洞沒有直接主持過外交事務(wù),但他的外交思想對晚清政局有著重要的影響,其中他的對日外交思想的演變主要有三個(gè)階段。 首先是1881年以前張之洞擔(dān)任言官期間,他主張聯(lián)日以抗俄。時(shí)值中俄交涉伊犁問題階段,張之洞主張聯(lián)日,一是為斷俄后路,防止日俄勾結(jié),二是日本國勢輕微容易為我掌控。這主要受張之洞傳統(tǒng)儒家教育背景和羈縻思想的影響。 其次是中法戰(zhàn)爭和甲午戰(zhàn)爭期間,張之洞主張聯(lián)俄以阻日。這一時(shí)期張之洞專心于洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng),從清流派轉(zhuǎn)向洋務(wù)派,認(rèn)識(shí)到了富國強(qiáng)兵的重要性,但對日本認(rèn)識(shí)不清,沒有加強(qiáng)警惕。在甲午戰(zhàn)爭中張之洞一直堅(jiān)持主戰(zhàn),在中日換約后還繼續(xù)支持臺(tái)灣人民自保運(yùn)動(dòng)。在清廷失敗已成定局,張之洞試圖通過結(jié)強(qiáng)援來抵制日本,他先后尋求英、俄的幫助,最終清廷與俄達(dá)成共識(shí),結(jié)成聯(lián)盟。在俄幫助下,中國收回了遼東半島,全國興起親俄浪潮,但因此也埋下了憂患的種子。 再次是由俄德引起的瓜分中國狂潮序幕之后的階段,張之洞主張全面聯(lián)日。德國的入侵膠州事件,俄國的占領(lǐng)旅大,表示聯(lián)俄政策的徹底失敗,張之洞迫切需要找到一個(gè)可以代替俄德的聯(lián)盟對象。日本此時(shí)又向清廷示好,張之洞在綜合考慮之下,決定全面學(xué)習(xí)日本,派遣留學(xué)生和引進(jìn)日本顧問,指導(dǎo)中國的新政改革。
[Abstract]:Zhang Zhidong was an important official in the late Qing Dynasty. Although Zhang Zhidong had not directly presided over foreign affairs, his diplomatic thought had an important influence on the political situation of the late Qing Dynasty. There are three stages in the evolution of his diplomatic thoughts towards Japan. First, before 1881, when Zhang Zhidong was a speaker, he advocated a union with Japan against Russia. At the time when China and Russia negotiate the Ili issue, Zhang Zhidong advocates that Japan should be linked to Japan, one is to break Russia's rear road and prevent Japanese-Russian collusion, and the other is that the Japanese power is slightly easier to control for me. This is mainly influenced by Zhang Zhidong's traditional Confucian educational background and Jimi thought. Secondly, during the Sino-French War and the Sino-Japanese War, Zhang Zhidong advocated the alliance of Russia and Israel against Japan. During this period, Zhang Zhidong focused on the Westernization Movement and changed from the Qing school to the Westernist school, and realized the importance of a rich country and a strong army, but he did not understand Japan clearly and did not strengthen his vigilance. During the Sino-Japanese War, Zhang Zhidong persisted in the main battle and continued to support the Taiwan people's self-preservation movement after the Sino-Japanese treaty. The defeat of the Qing court had become a foregone conclusion. Zhang Zhidong tried to resist Japan by making a strong aid. He sought the help of Britain and Russia, and finally reached a consensus with Russia and formed an alliance. With the help of Russia, China reclaimed the Liaodong Peninsula, and a wave of pro-Russia rose all over the country, but it also sowed the seeds of suffering. Again, after the prelude to the Chinese frenzy caused by Russia and Germany, Zhang Zhidong advocated full association with Japan. The German invasion of Jiaozhou and the Russian occupation brigade indicated that the United Russia policy had completely failed, and Zhang Zhidong urgently needed to find an alliance object that could replace Russia and Germany. At this time, Japan again to the Qing court, Zhang Zhidong under the overall consideration, decided to learn from Japan, send overseas students and the introduction of Japanese consultants to guide China's New deal reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K256;D829;K313

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