美國對華對沖戰(zhàn)略的學理分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 16:20
【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束給國際關系理論和實踐的發(fā)展都帶來了巨大的變化。它不僅改變了美蘇爭霸的兩極格局，也改變了國家行為體在國際關系中的國家利益及其參與國際事務的方式。全球化使得國家利益不再是一個緊密的整體，一個國家各方面的利益可能分裂乃至背道而馳。同時，國際制度的建設使得國家間的互動越來越多地通過國際機制來進行，也受到這些機制的制約。國家在國際關系中的權力越來越表現(xiàn)為制度建設的軟實力。 國家利益的分裂在東亞地區(qū)表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟利益與安全利益的不一致。一方面，中國快速的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展使區(qū)域各國在經(jīng)濟方面受益；另一方面，中國的崛起對冷戰(zhàn)時形成的地區(qū)安全模式形成了挑戰(zhàn)。為應對這種局面，東亞地區(qū)的一些國家紛紛采用對沖戰(zhàn)略，在同中國進行經(jīng)濟交往合作的同時，在安全領域同中國對抗，以同時維護經(jīng)濟利益和安全利益。 美國雖然不是東亞地區(qū)的國家，但其一直深刻介入東亞地區(qū)的各種事務。美國對華的對沖戰(zhàn)略也是應對冷戰(zhàn)后地區(qū)乃至全球局勢變化的產(chǎn)物，但同東亞各國相比，美國對華的對沖戰(zhàn)略具有明顯的大國屬性。美國一直以現(xiàn)今國際秩序的建立和捍衛(wèi)者自居，因此，其對華戰(zhàn)略表現(xiàn)出極強的塑造中國國家行為的意圖，這種塑造以機制化作為戰(zhàn)略手段。美國力圖利用中國對外開放的契機，將中國納入其主導的國際機制中，一方面讓中國分享一些機制中的公共產(chǎn)品，加強同中國的合作；一方面也要求中國全盤接受美國主導建立的、體現(xiàn)其國家利益和價值觀的機制規(guī)則，，進而讓中國全盤接受當前國際秩序，不對美國的霸權地位進行挑戰(zhàn)。 對沖戰(zhàn)略的目的在于在保障美國同中國進行合作，賺取國家利益的同時，也防止中國采取單邊挑戰(zhàn)美國霸權的政策。但全球化向更深更廣的領域發(fā)展，日益呈現(xiàn)出多層次多中心的特點，美國作為一個國家對其進行掌控的力量正漸漸下降，這對對沖戰(zhàn)略的實施形成了阻礙。
[Abstract]:The end of the Cold War brought great changes to the development of international relations theory and practice. It not only changed the bipolar pattern of American and Soviet hegemony, but also changed the national interests of national actors in international relations and the way in which they participated in international affairs. Globalization makes the national interest no longer a close whole, and the interests of all aspects of a country may be divided or even run counter to each other. At the same time, the construction of international system makes the interaction between countries more and more through international mechanisms, but also by the constraints of these mechanisms. The power of the state in international relations is more and more reflected in the soft power of system construction. The division of national interests in East Asia shows that economic interests and security interests are inconsistent. On the one hand, China's rapid economic development benefits the regional economies; on the other hand, China's rise challenges the regional security model formed during the Cold War. In order to deal with this situation, some countries in East Asia have adopted hedging strategy one after another, while carrying out economic exchanges and cooperation with China, and at the same time antagonizing China in the field of security, in order to safeguard both economic and security interests at the same time. Although the United States is not a country in East Asia, it has been deeply involved in various affairs in East Asia. The American hedging strategy against China is also a product of responding to the changes in the regional and even global situation after the Cold War, but compared with the East Asian countries, the hedging strategy of the United States towards China has an obvious attribute of being a great power. The United States has always regarded itself as the foundation and defender of the present international order. Therefore, its strategy towards China shows the intention of shaping China's national behavior strongly, and this shaping takes the institutionalization as the strategic means. The United States tries to take advantage of China's opening to the outside world to bring China into its leading international mechanism. On the one hand, it allows China to share public goods in some mechanisms and strengthen cooperation with China. On the one hand, it also demands that China accept the rules of the mechanism established by the United States to embody its national interests and values, so that China can accept the current international order and not challenge the hegemony of the United States. The purpose of the hedging strategy is to protect the United States from cooperating with China to earn national interests and to prevent China from unilaterally challenging the hegemony of the United States. However, the development of globalization to deeper and wider areas, increasingly showing a multi-level and multi-center characteristics, the United States as a country to control its power is gradually declining, which has formed an obstacle to the implementation of hedging strategy.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D871.2
本文編號：2168280
[Abstract]:The end of the Cold War brought great changes to the development of international relations theory and practice. It not only changed the bipolar pattern of American and Soviet hegemony, but also changed the national interests of national actors in international relations and the way in which they participated in international affairs. Globalization makes the national interest no longer a close whole, and the interests of all aspects of a country may be divided or even run counter to each other. At the same time, the construction of international system makes the interaction between countries more and more through international mechanisms, but also by the constraints of these mechanisms. The power of the state in international relations is more and more reflected in the soft power of system construction. The division of national interests in East Asia shows that economic interests and security interests are inconsistent. On the one hand, China's rapid economic development benefits the regional economies; on the other hand, China's rise challenges the regional security model formed during the Cold War. In order to deal with this situation, some countries in East Asia have adopted hedging strategy one after another, while carrying out economic exchanges and cooperation with China, and at the same time antagonizing China in the field of security, in order to safeguard both economic and security interests at the same time. Although the United States is not a country in East Asia, it has been deeply involved in various affairs in East Asia. The American hedging strategy against China is also a product of responding to the changes in the regional and even global situation after the Cold War, but compared with the East Asian countries, the hedging strategy of the United States towards China has an obvious attribute of being a great power. The United States has always regarded itself as the foundation and defender of the present international order. Therefore, its strategy towards China shows the intention of shaping China's national behavior strongly, and this shaping takes the institutionalization as the strategic means. The United States tries to take advantage of China's opening to the outside world to bring China into its leading international mechanism. On the one hand, it allows China to share public goods in some mechanisms and strengthen cooperation with China. On the one hand, it also demands that China accept the rules of the mechanism established by the United States to embody its national interests and values, so that China can accept the current international order and not challenge the hegemony of the United States. The purpose of the hedging strategy is to protect the United States from cooperating with China to earn national interests and to prevent China from unilaterally challenging the hegemony of the United States. However, the development of globalization to deeper and wider areas, increasingly showing a multi-level and multi-center characteristics, the United States as a country to control its power is gradually declining, which has formed an obstacle to the implementation of hedging strategy.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D871.2
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