【摘要】：氣候變化問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)峻性及整體輻射性在全球氣候治理中劃分了兩大陣營(yíng)，正義與非正義，并不存在中間立場(chǎng)。中國(guó)作為能源性溫室氣體的最大排放國(guó)，盡管采取了諸多舉措，卻仍遭到部分國(guó)際社會(huì)成員的非難，明明極具參與氣候治理的合法性基礎(chǔ)，卻常常背負(fù)非正義的惡名。本文認(rèn)為這樣的狀況主要是由于中國(guó)在國(guó)際氣候治理中話語(yǔ)偏弱造成地。（這種偏弱是具有相對(duì)性的，是與那些在全球治理中地位角色相似的國(guó)家主體相比的偏弱。）話語(yǔ)的弱勢(shì)是國(guó)內(nèi)信息向外傳輸?shù)囊淮笳系K，并直接導(dǎo)致了兩大困境：一是無(wú)法很好地將一系列的成就信息和國(guó)內(nèi)的艱難處境傳播到國(guó)際社會(huì)，尤其是西方社會(huì)當(dāng)中去；二是傳輸?shù)搅�，卻被西方社會(huì)選擇忽視。但是國(guó)際氣候治理關(guān)乎人類(lèi)社會(huì)福祉，國(guó)際氣候大會(huì)也不應(yīng)該是某些國(guó)家主導(dǎo)的一言堂，中國(guó)需要關(guān)注自己在國(guó)際氣候治理中的話語(yǔ)權(quán)問(wèn)題，增加話語(yǔ)分量，在兼顧自身利益的同時(shí)，打破現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際氣候話語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，為國(guó)際氣候治理的公平、公正做出自己應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。因此，基于對(duì)困境的原因探尋的必要。本文以后結(jié)構(gòu)主義理論中，話語(yǔ)對(duì)身份及外交政策的建構(gòu)為視角，對(duì)中國(guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)困境進(jìn)行原因分析，同時(shí)建議性地提出解決路徑。 影響一國(guó)國(guó)際話語(yǔ)權(quán)的因素有很多，作為重要分支的氣候外交話語(yǔ)權(quán)亦是如此。本文主要選取后結(jié)構(gòu)主義理論中，話語(yǔ)對(duì)國(guó)家身份、外交政策的建構(gòu)為研究視角，通過(guò)對(duì)氣候外交話語(yǔ)權(quán)的探討，思考中國(guó)在未來(lái)的國(guó)際氣候治理中可能具有的地位及影響力。后結(jié)構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為話語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言陳述形成的意義結(jié)構(gòu)，具有本體性，建構(gòu)性與結(jié)構(gòu)性，并且認(rèn)為世間萬(wàn)物只有通過(guò)話語(yǔ)建構(gòu)才具有社會(huì)性意義，國(guó)際社會(huì)常識(shí)亦不例外。經(jīng)話語(yǔ)建構(gòu)形成的國(guó)際社會(huì)常識(shí)，對(duì)國(guó)際行為體產(chǎn)生規(guī)范性影響，進(jìn)而生成了話語(yǔ)性權(quán)力。具有權(quán)力性意義的話語(yǔ)具有建構(gòu)一切事物主體性身份的能力，國(guó)家身份亦是如此。一國(guó)通過(guò)外交話語(yǔ)對(duì)國(guó)家身份進(jìn)行表征，而外交政策又取決于國(guó)家身份話語(yǔ)的表征；外交政策在接受外部信息回饋的同時(shí)，以話語(yǔ)的形式鞏固或改造國(guó)家身份。身份話語(yǔ)與政策話語(yǔ)的相互關(guān)系決定二者需要保持一種相應(yīng)性，即內(nèi)在的一致性。這種一致性是構(gòu)成話語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的先決條件，直接決定了外交話語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。反過(guò)來(lái)講，一致性受到破壞，國(guó)際話語(yǔ)就會(huì)呈現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，即會(huì)受到來(lái)自其他社會(huì)成員的質(zhì)疑和不認(rèn)同。本文認(rèn)為，中國(guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)之所以處于薄弱狀態(tài)。主要是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)受到西方強(qiáng)勢(shì)話語(yǔ)的干擾，處于“被定位”狀態(tài)。這不僅擾亂了中國(guó)氣候外交身份與政策話語(yǔ)的一致性；而且，從某種程度上來(lái)講，直接導(dǎo)致中國(guó)遭受來(lái)自國(guó)際社會(huì)的身份認(rèn)同危機(jī)，其中亦包括發(fā)展中國(guó)家陣營(yíng)中的部分貧窮國(guó)家和小島國(guó)。此外，長(zhǎng)期處于國(guó)際氣候話語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的弱勢(shì)地位；加之單一身份話語(yǔ)所導(dǎo)致的外交政策話語(yǔ)模式的固化，對(duì)話語(yǔ)受眾缺乏吸引力等原因，都造成了中國(guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)相對(duì)薄弱的狀態(tài)。所以本文認(rèn)為要改變中國(guó)在氣候治理中的話語(yǔ)現(xiàn)狀，要從加強(qiáng)和完善中國(guó)氣候外交身份話語(yǔ)開(kāi)始。尤其在諸多西方國(guó)家深受金融危機(jī)打擊，國(guó)際氣候治理意愿異常低下的當(dāng)前，中國(guó)更需要承擔(dān)起國(guó)際氣候治理積極參與者的責(zé)任，并向國(guó)際氣候主要治理者的身份話語(yǔ)過(guò)渡，，并依此身份在外交政策中加大對(duì)國(guó)際氣候治理的關(guān)注度，從而在更大程度上獲取國(guó)際社會(huì)的認(rèn)同，獲取參與全球氣候治理的合法性基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)要積極建設(shè)中國(guó)氣候外交的特色身份話語(yǔ)，使中國(guó)氣候外交身份話語(yǔ)更具多元性，并以此作為拓展外交政策話語(yǔ)的契機(jī)。此外，積極融入現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際氣候主導(dǎo)話語(yǔ)，為中國(guó)氣候外交身份話語(yǔ)的過(guò)渡營(yíng)造良好國(guó)際環(huán)境的同時(shí)，亦能夠夯實(shí)中國(guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)的合法性基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)抵制西方強(qiáng)勢(shì)話語(yǔ)對(duì)我方身份話語(yǔ)的干擾，尋找西方霸權(quán)話語(yǔ)在國(guó)家身份與政策間的邏輯漏洞，質(zhì)疑其身份，動(dòng)搖其話語(yǔ)的可信度，對(duì)西方氣候霸權(quán)話語(yǔ)予以堅(jiān)決抵制，制止西方集團(tuán)把國(guó)際氣候治理作為維護(hù)自身戰(zhàn)略利益的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。但對(duì)于西方有益于國(guó)際氣候治理的主導(dǎo)話語(yǔ)要積極融入，展開(kāi)合作，拓展中國(guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)的交流空間。以達(dá)到塑造有利于進(jìn)行國(guó)際氣候治理的話語(yǔ)環(huán)境的目的，為中國(guó)氣候外交話語(yǔ)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的道義基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The grim and overall radiance of climate change has been divided into two camps in global climate governance. Justice and injustice do not exist in the middle position. China, as the largest emitter of energy conservatory gas, has been reclaimed by some members of the international community, although many measures have been taken. This is mainly due to the weakness of China's weak discourse in international climate governance. (this weakness is relatively weak compared to those of the national subject similar to the role of global governance.) the weakness of the discourse is the external transmission of the domestic information. A major obstacle to the loss has directly led to two major difficulties: first, it is impossible to spread a series of achievements information and domestic difficulties to the international community, especially in the western society; the two is transmitted to the western society, but is ignored by the western society. But international climate governance is related to the well-being of human society, and the international climate conference also It should not be a statement led by some countries. China needs to pay attention to its discourse power in international climate governance, increase the component of discourse, break the existing international climate discourse structure and make its own contribution to the fairness and justice of International Climate Governance while taking into account its own interests. In the view of the construction of identity and foreign policy, this paper makes an analysis of the reasons for the predicament of China's climate Diplomatic Discourse and suggests a solution to the solution.
There are many factors affecting the international discourse power of a country, as an important branch of the climate for Diplomatic Discourse. This article mainly selects the post structuralist theory, the discourse on the national identity, the construction of foreign policy as the research perspective, through the discussion of the power of climate Diplomatic Discourse, thinking that China may be in the future international climate governance. There are some status and influence. Post structuralism thinks that discourse is a meaning structure formed by language statement, which is noumenon, constructivism and structure, and that all things are socially meaningful only through discourse construction, and international social common sense is no exception. The international social common sense, formed by the construction of discourse, produces the international behavior. The normative influence leads to the utterance power. The discourse of power meaning has the ability to construct the subject identity of all things, the national identity is also the same. A country represents the national identity through the Diplomatic Discourse, and the foreign policy depends on the representation of the national identity discourse; foreign policy receives feedback from the external information. At the same time, it is necessary to consolidate or remould national identity in the form of discourse. The relationship between identity and policy utterance determines that two parties need to maintain a corresponding, namely, internal consistency. This consistency is a prerequisite for the structure of discourse, which directly determines the stability of the diplomatic discourse structure. In turn, consistency is damaged, international The discourse will be unstable, that is, the question and disapproval from other members of the society. This article holds that the Chinese climate diplomacy discourse is weak. It is mainly because the Chinese climate diplomatic discourse is disturbed by the strong Western discourse and is in a "position" state. This is not only disturbing the Chinese climate diplomacy. It is consistent with the policy discourse; and, to some extent, it directly causes China to suffer from the identity crisis from the international community, including some poor countries and small island states in the developing countries. In addition, it has long been in a weak position in the international climate discourse structure, coupled with a single identity discourse. The curing of the foreign policy discourse pattern and the lack of attraction to the discourse audience have caused the relatively weak state of China's climate diplomatic discourse. Therefore, this paper holds that to change China's discourse status in Climate Governance, we should start with the strengthening and improvement of China's climate diplomatic identity language, especially in many western countries. At present, China needs to assume the responsibility of the active participants in the international climate governance, and make a transition to the identity of the international climate major governors, and increase the attention of the International Climate Governance in the foreign policy, so as to obtain the recognition of the international community to a greater extent. At the same time, we should obtain the legitimacy basis of global climate governance. At the same time, we should actively build the characteristic identity discourse of China's climate diplomacy, make China's climate diplomatic status discourse more pluralistic, and take it as an opportunity to expand the discourse of foreign policy. In addition, it is actively integrated into the existing international climate leading discourse for the discourse of China's climate diplomacy. While the transition creates a good international environment, it can also rammer the legitimacy foundation of Chinese climate Diplomatic Discourse, resist the interference of western strong discourse on our identity discourse, find the logical loopholes in the national identity and policy, question its identity, shake the credibility of its discourse, and speak to the Western climate hegemony. The language is resolutely resisted to stop the western group from taking international climate governance as a battlefield for its own strategic interests. However, the dominant discourse that is beneficial to the International Climate Governance in the West should be actively integrated into cooperation to expand the communication space of Chinese climate Diplomatic Discourse in order to shape the discourse environment conducive to international climate governance. The purpose is to lay a solid moral foundation for China's climate diplomacy discourse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D820

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