【摘要】：建構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為,“認(rèn)同”構(gòu)成利益和行為。印尼的恐怖主義分子基于對(duì)伊斯蘭政權(quán)或伊斯蘭教法的“認(rèn)同”構(gòu)成了其自身利益訴求,并驅(qū)使著他們采取恐怖主義行動(dòng)。而印尼政府基于對(duì)“潘查希拉”等印尼社會(huì)規(guī)則的“認(rèn)同”也構(gòu)成了自身利益訴求,并驅(qū)使著他們采取反恐怖主義的行動(dòng)。印尼主要恐怖主義組織的發(fā)展源頭可以追溯到“回教之家”,其由于謀求在印尼建立一個(gè)伊斯蘭政權(quán)國(guó)家而與印尼政府存在矛盾,彼此之間斗爭(zhēng)不斷。后來(lái),“回教之家”不斷演變,印尼恐怖主義組織逐漸發(fā)展壯大,并在印尼策劃了一系列的恐襲擊案。2002年的巴厘島恐怖襲擊案是印尼政府打擊國(guó)內(nèi)恐怖主義的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),在全球反恐的大背景下,印尼開始承認(rèn)國(guó)內(nèi)恐怖主義的存在,并開始通過(guò)諸多措施來(lái)反恐,包括:制定反恐法律;加強(qiáng)反恐的機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè);加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作;開展“消除激進(jìn)化”運(yùn)動(dòng);與印尼伊斯蘭學(xué)者理事會(huì)和穆斯林社區(qū)進(jìn)行合作等。從與泰國(guó)、菲律賓的恐怖主義事件數(shù)量變化的對(duì)比中,可以看到印尼的反恐措施取得了一定的成效,而且也得到國(guó)際社會(huì)的認(rèn)可。然而,從印尼自身恐怖主義事件數(shù)量的變化中,卻也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)印尼在反恐中還存在著問(wèn)題,如近年來(lái)印尼恐怖主義事件數(shù)量不斷回升。本文運(yùn)用建構(gòu)主義理論,對(duì)印尼恐怖主義組織發(fā)展歷史和印尼政府的反恐措施進(jìn)行了研究,認(rèn)為印尼恐怖主義產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的根源在于行為體之間認(rèn)同的社會(huì)規(guī)則不同,而印尼政府的反恐措施之所以能產(chǎn)生效果,是由于這些措施實(shí)際上是在行為體外部改變了社會(huì)行為規(guī)則,在行為體內(nèi)部改變了思想意識(shí)思考規(guī)則。在規(guī)則完善的條件下,印尼恐怖主義雖然得到了有效遏制,但是由于“認(rèn)同之爭(zhēng)”的長(zhǎng)期存在,印尼恐怖主義永難消除。
[Abstract]:Constructivism believes that identity constitutes interest and behavior. Terrorists in Indonesia, based on their "identity" with the Islamic regime or sharia, constitute their own interests and drive them to commit acts of terrorism. And the Indonesian government's "approval" of Indonesian social rules such as Panchahira constitutes an appeal for its own interests and drives them to take action against terrorism. The development of the main terrorist organizations in Indonesia can be traced back to the "Muslim House", which struggles with the Indonesian government because it seeks to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia. Later, the "Muslim House" continued to evolve, and Indonesian terrorist organizations grew and planned a series of terrorist attacks in Indonesia. The 2002 Bali terrorist attack was a turning point in the Indonesian government's fight against domestic terrorism. In the context of global counter-terrorism, Indonesia began to recognize the existence of domestic terrorism, and began to adopt a number of measures to combat terrorism, including: making anti-terrorism laws; strengthening the building of counter-terrorism institutions; strengthening international cooperation; To carry out the campaign to eliminate radicalization; to cooperate with the Indonesian Council of Islamic Scholars and the Muslim community. Comparing with Thailand and the Philippines, we can see that Indonesia's anti-terrorism measures have achieved some results, and have also been recognized by the international community. However, from the changes in the number of terrorist incidents in Indonesia itself, we can also find that there are still problems in terrorism in Indonesia, for example, the number of terrorist incidents in Indonesia has been rising in recent years. Based on the theory of constructivism, this paper studies the history of the development of Indonesian terrorist organizations and the measures taken by the Indonesian government to combat terrorism. It is concluded that the root of the emergence and development of terrorism in Indonesia lies in the different social rules recognized by the actors. However, the anti-terrorist measures of Indonesian government are effective because they actually change the rules of social behavior outside the actors and the rules of ideological thinking in the part of behavior. Under the condition of perfect rules, although Indonesian terrorism has been effectively contained, it will never be eliminated because of the existence of "identity dispute" for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.5

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