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以色列聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略研究

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  本文選題:聯(lián)盟理論 + 以色列外交。 參考:《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文


【摘要】:國際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的研究學(xué)者們一般嚴格地把聯(lián)盟關(guān)系定義為國家間安全承諾的一種形式,需要簽署一份正式的協(xié)議以作為承諾用共同軍事資源反對某具體的、或潛在的敵人,必要時不惜采取武力對抗的方式。依據(jù)這種界定,以色列不存在嚴格意義上的正式盟友。但是學(xué)者們卻鮮有對美國與以色列自20世紀60年代以來的親密關(guān)系提出過質(zhì)疑,也有學(xué)者巧妙地以“準聯(lián)盟”來定義美以之間的關(guān)系。 筆者認為,出于對中東地區(qū)大多數(shù)阿拉伯國家的利益權(quán)衡,即使是世界上唯一的超級大國美國也無法給予以色列一份正式的聯(lián)盟協(xié)議,將保障以色列在中東地區(qū)的安全利益落實到白紙黑字上。但是這并不代表者以色列無法得到大國的支持以及安全保障,相反,大國在中東地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略利益時常是需要以色列的存在的,,這也是以色列得以在中東地區(qū)生存下來的原因之一。大國雖然無法通過一份正式的協(xié)議來保障以色列的安全利益,但它們的實質(zhì)行動中常常會體現(xiàn)出對以色列的支持以及安全上的保障。在以色列建國之后面臨的第一次中東戰(zhàn)爭中,是蘇聯(lián)以及東歐共產(chǎn)主義陣營的國家對其暗中提供的武器幫助了以色列擊退了阿拉伯聯(lián)軍的驅(qū)逐。20世紀50年代,在美蘇兩國都力圖冷卻美以、蘇以關(guān)系的時候,以色列是依靠法國提供的戰(zhàn)機保障了自己的領(lǐng)空安全,也是在與法國的軍事安全合作中,開展了核反應(yīng)堆的實驗。蘇聯(lián)與法國都沒有與以色列簽署一份具有正式效益的聯(lián)盟協(xié)議,但就兩國之間發(fā)展的實質(zhì)內(nèi)容來講,以色列從蘇聯(lián)和法國那里得到的安全保障與支持并不亞于一個正式盟友所能提供的保障與支持。正是鑒于此考慮,筆者不會將以色列與大國之間的關(guān)系局限于一紙協(xié)議,希望從兩國實質(zhì)性合作的內(nèi)容出發(fā),把以色列的聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略定義為尋求發(fā)展與大國之間有針對性、指向性的軍事安全合作關(guān)系,包括正式的、非正式的協(xié)議形式,旨在為以色列提供安全保障的外交形式。 本文將通過分析以色列選擇聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略的主觀、客觀因素,結(jié)合以色列自建國以后不同階段中與蘇聯(lián)、法國以及美國的三段聯(lián)盟關(guān)系,闡述以色列在尋求大國對其安全方面的保障與支持過程中的外交特點。
[Abstract]:Researchers in the field of international relations generally strictly define alliance relations as a form of inter-State security commitment, requiring the signing of a formal agreement as a commitment to use common military resources against a specific or potential enemy. Resort to armed confrontation when necessary. By this definition, Israel does not have a formal ally in the strict sense. However, few scholars have questioned the close relationship between the United States and Israel since the 1960s, and some scholars have skillfully defined the relationship between the United States and Israel by "quasi-alliance". In my opinion, even the United States, the only superpower in the world, cannot give Israel a formal alliance agreement because of the interests of most Arab countries in the Middle East. Put the security interests of Israel in the Middle East in black and white. However, this does not mean that Israel does not have the support and security of the major powers. On the contrary, the strategic interests of the major powers in the Middle East often require the presence of Israel. This is one of the reasons why Israel has survived in the Middle East. Although the major powers cannot guarantee Israel's security interests through a formal agreement, their substantive actions often reflect support for Israel and security guarantees. In the first Middle East war since the founding of Israel, it was the Soviet Union and the communist bloc in Eastern Europe that secretly supplied weapons to Israel, which helped it repel the expulsion of the Arab coalition in the 1950s. When the United States and the Soviet Union tried to cool the United States and Israel, Israel relied on French fighter jets to protect its airspace, and it also carried out experiments on nuclear reactors in military security cooperation with France. Neither the Soviet Union nor France has signed a formal alliance agreement with Israel, but in terms of the substance of the development between the two countries, Israel's security support from the Soviet Union and France is no less than that provided by a formal ally. In view of this consideration, the author will not confine the relationship between Israel and the big countries to a single agreement, hoping to define Israel's alliance strategy as seeking development and aiming at the big powers from the content of substantive cooperation between the two countries. Directed military security cooperation, including formal and informal forms of agreement, is a form of diplomacy designed to provide security for Israel. This paper will analyze the subjective and objective factors of Israel's choice of alliance strategy, and combine the three periods of alliance relations with the Soviet Union, France and the United States in different stages since the founding of Israel. This paper expounds the diplomatic characteristics of Israel in seeking the security and support of the great powers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D815.4

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