本文選題：中英關(guān)系 + 薩道義��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)末，列強(qiáng)掀起瓜分中國(guó)的狂潮，英國(guó)在華利益受到極大的挑戰(zhàn)，對(duì)華政策紊亂，在力主“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”與維護(hù)長(zhǎng)江流域特權(quán)間搖擺不定。1900年到1906年，薩道義擔(dān)任英國(guó)駐華公使，見(jiàn)證了英國(guó)對(duì)華政策的調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)折。 義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)后，各國(guó)開(kāi)始協(xié)同“作戰(zhàn)”，但仍存在矛盾，此后，英國(guó)從本國(guó)商業(yè)利益考慮，以辛丑議和為契機(jī)，薩道義提出修改商約的主張，這一主張得到各國(guó)的贊許；義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)后，俄軍駐扎中國(guó)東北拒不撤退，中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)掀起拒俄運(yùn)動(dòng)，英國(guó)采取觀望態(tài)度，從中漁利；日本在朝鮮的活動(dòng)，激化了與俄國(guó)之間的矛盾，日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，清政府嚴(yán)守中立，英國(guó)靜觀其變；日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，日本成為英國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東利益新的威脅力量，此時(shí)英國(guó)干預(yù)在華事務(wù)的能力大不如前，常以妥協(xié)了事，政策的調(diào)整也更加謹(jǐn)慎。 全文共分為六個(gè)部分： 第一部分介紹英國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)政策，以及到了20世紀(jì)初期英國(guó)對(duì)華政策的變化，并分析發(fā)生這種變化的原因。 第二部分介紹自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后清政府對(duì)外采取的政策。甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，清政府對(duì)外態(tài)度發(fā)生了明顯的變化，，出現(xiàn)了一些新的特點(diǎn)，本文力爭(zhēng)闡釋清楚出現(xiàn)的這種新特點(diǎn)及其產(chǎn)生的原因，為進(jìn)一步研究20世紀(jì)初期的中英關(guān)系做好鋪墊。 第三部分介紹義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)期間，英國(guó)駐華公使竇納樂(lè)（薩道義的前任），根據(jù)形勢(shì)的變化，在對(duì)華政策方面做出的初步調(diào)整。 后面三部分重點(diǎn)介紹了在《辛丑條約》的談判、拒俄運(yùn)動(dòng)、日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)這幾件典型的事件中，薩道義作為此時(shí)英國(guó)的駐華公使是如何根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)的指示以及中國(guó)的具體國(guó)情，對(duì)英國(guó)在華政策所做出的調(diào)整，同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)要分析這一時(shí)期中方根據(jù)自身揣測(cè)英方的意圖所做出的策略調(diào)整。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, great powers set off a frenzy to carve up and divide China. Britain's interests in China were greatly challenged, and its policy toward China was in disorder, wobbling between advocating "open doors" and safeguarding the privileges of the Yangtze River basin. From 1900 to 1906, As British Minister to China, Sartre witnessed the adjustment and turning of British China policy. After the Boxer Movement broke out, all countries began to cooperate in "combat", but there were still contradictions. Since then, from the perspective of their own commercial interests, the United Kingdom took Xin Chou as an opportunity to discuss peace, and the moral principle of Sar put forward the idea of amending the covenant, which was praised by all countries. After the Boxer Regiment Movement, the Russian troops stationed in northeast China refused to withdraw, and the anti-Russian movement was launched in China. Britain adopted a wait-and-see attitude to profit from the fishing. Japan's activities in North Korea intensified the conflict with Russia, and the Japan-Russian war broke out. After the war between Japan and Russia, Japan became a new threat to the interests of Britain in the far East. At this time, Britain's ability to intervene in affairs in China was not as good as before, and Britain often compromised its affairs and adjusted its policy more carefully. The full text is divided into six parts: The first part introduces the traditional British policy and the change of British policy towards China in the early 20th century, and analyzes the reasons for the change. The second part introduces the policies adopted by Qing government since the Opium War. After the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, the Qing government's attitude to foreign affairs changed obviously, and some new features appeared. This paper tries to explain clearly the new characteristics and the reasons for their emergence. In order to further study the early 20 th century, the relationship between China and Britain to do a good job. The third part introduces the British Minister to China Dou Nale (the predecessor of Sartre, according to the change of the situation, made a preliminary adjustment to China policy during the Boxer Movement. The last three parts focus on how, in the negotiation of the Treaty of Xin Chou, the anti-Russian movement, and the Japan-Russian war, how Saudo acted as the British minister to China at this time according to the domestic instructions and the specific conditions of China. The adjustment to British policy in China, and a brief analysis of China's strategic adjustments during this period based on its own speculation of the British side's intentions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D856.1;K257

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