本文選題：《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》 + 有核武器國(guó)家��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從美國(guó)于1945年8月6日和9日分別在日本的廣島和長(zhǎng)崎投下了2枚原子彈后,人類便徹底的進(jìn)入了有核時(shí)代。一方面,核危機(jī)非常嚴(yán)重,各國(guó)擁有的核武器數(shù)量已經(jīng)足夠毀滅人類數(shù)次。另一方面,面對(duì)能源危機(jī)核能又是一個(gè)非常可靠的替代者并且對(duì)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起著至關(guān)重要的作用�！恫粩U(kuò)散核武器條約》自簽訂以來(lái),一直在防止國(guó)際核武器擴(kuò)散方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的重要作用,比如其控制住了美俄等超級(jí)大國(guó)的核武器規(guī)模、使?jié)撛诘暮宋淦鲊?guó)家放棄了發(fā)展計(jì)劃、促使世界各地陸續(xù)的建立了無(wú)核區(qū)等�？梢�?yàn)樽陨泶嬖谥窒扌?其效用的發(fā)揮也往往受到很大的阻礙,核武器擴(kuò)散的形勢(shì)并沒(méi)有得到根本性的遏制。 《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》的局限性主要表現(xiàn)在核武器橫向,縱向禁止不全面、有核武器國(guó)家與無(wú)核武器國(guó)家權(quán)利義務(wù)不對(duì)等以及條約退出機(jī)制不合理等問(wèn)題之中。缺陷的成因可以從內(nèi)部衍生以及外部影響的雙重視角來(lái)探尋,也可以綜合條約本身與執(zhí)行情況的不足加以分析,還可以將條約缺陷產(chǎn)生的根源與具體地區(qū)核危機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀相結(jié)合起來(lái)去說(shuō)明問(wèn)題,從而指出《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》必須進(jìn)行更為有效地改革以保證全世界的和平與安全。 在《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》的完善過(guò)程中,針對(duì)缺陷成因探究解決辦法,對(duì)條約本身的改進(jìn)應(yīng)該集中在細(xì)化條約對(duì)個(gè)人,組織以及非成員國(guó)的約束、實(shí)現(xiàn)有核武器國(guó)家與無(wú)核武器國(guó)家權(quán)利義務(wù)對(duì)等、完善條約退出機(jī)制以及增強(qiáng)條約約束力、明確核武器非法性等方面；針對(duì)條約執(zhí)行的改革應(yīng)該集中在加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)以及聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)更為細(xì)致有效的規(guī)制,從而確保其公正民主的履行職能；針對(duì)條約外部環(huán)境的營(yíng)造應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)諸如區(qū)域安全合作等國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略措施以促使《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》的制度更加科學(xué),執(zhí)行更為有效。 除對(duì)條約本身的發(fā)展方向給予關(guān)注外,條約與中國(guó)的關(guān)系以及中國(guó)對(duì)條約的影響也是極具實(shí)踐意義的研究課題。中國(guó)在加入條約的過(guò)程中觀念進(jìn)行了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變并且經(jīng)歷了曲折的過(guò)程,而如今的中國(guó)在條約的執(zhí)行方面早已發(fā)揮著推動(dòng)核禁試,核裁軍、促進(jìn)條約更加公正,民主等重要的作用,今后的中國(guó)更應(yīng)該將其角色定位于在保證與各國(guó)友好關(guān)系的同時(shí)逐步向條約機(jī)制內(nèi)核心主導(dǎo)國(guó)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。
[Abstract]:Since the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, mankind has entered a nuclear age. On the one hand, the nuclear crisis is so serious that countries have enough nuclear weapons to destroy mankind several times. On the other hand, nuclear energy is a very reliable alternative to the energy crisis and plays a vital role in the development of the world economy. Since the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons, It has been playing an irreplaceable role in preventing the proliferation of international nuclear weapons, for example, by controlling the size of the nuclear weapons of superpowers such as the United States and Russia, causing potential nuclear-weapon States to abandon their development plans. To promote the establishment of nuclear-free zones around the world and so on. However, because of its own limitations, its effectiveness is often hindered, the proliferation of nuclear weapons has not been fundamentally contained. The limitations of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT) are mainly manifested in the horizontal and vertical prohibition of nuclear weapons, the unequal rights and obligations of nuclear-weapon States and non-nuclear-weapon States, and the unreasonable withdrawal mechanism of the Treaty. The causes of the defects can be explored from the perspective of internal derivation and external influence, and can also be analyzed from the perspective of the treaty itself and the deficiencies in the implementation of the treaty itself. The root causes of the Treaty's flaws could also be combined with the current state of the nuclear crisis in specific regions, thereby pointing out that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons must be reformed more effectively to ensure peace and security throughout the world. In the process of perfecting the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons and exploring solutions to the causes of defects, improvements to the Treaty itself should focus on the elaboration of the treaty's binding on individuals, organizations and non-member States, To achieve the equality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non-nuclear-weapon States, to improve the mechanism of withdrawal from the Treaty, to enhance the binding force of treaties, and to clarify the illegality of nuclear weapons; The reform of treaty implementation should focus on strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency and the United Nations Security Council more detailed and effective regulation, so as to ensure its fair and democratic performance of its functions; The creation of an external environment for the Treaty should strengthen international strategic measures such as regional security cooperation in order to make the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons regime more scientific and effective. Besides paying attention to the development direction of the treaty itself, the relationship between the treaty and China's influence on the treaty are also of great practical significance. During the process of China's accession to the Treaty, there has been a tremendous change of concept and a tortuous process. Today, China has long played a role in promoting a nuclear test-ban, nuclear disarmament and a more just treaty in the implementation of the Treaty. Democracy and other important roles, in the future, China should position its role in ensuring friendly relations with other countries while gradually switching to the core leading countries in the treaty regime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D815.2

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