伊拉克外交政策中的認(rèn)同因素探析
發(fā)布時間:2018-05-02 22:26
本文選題:伊拉克 + 認(rèn)同 ; 參考:《山西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:認(rèn)同是認(rèn)同持有者對自身與他者關(guān)系的理解。認(rèn)同的塑造過程受到權(quán)力精英、社會力量以及國際因素三個方面的共同影響,它是國家利益的重要來源,通過塑造國家利益觀、限制國家或決策者的外交選擇范圍兩種方式制約著國家外交政策的形成。本文以阿拉伯認(rèn)同對伊拉克外交政策的塑造為主線,將伊拉克外交分為前薩達(dá)姆時期、薩達(dá)姆時期和后薩達(dá)姆時期三個階段,并對各階段認(rèn)同指導(dǎo)下的外交政策進(jìn)行分析。 前薩達(dá)姆時期,阿拉伯認(rèn)同在與伊拉克國家認(rèn)同的博弈中,伊拉克外交中更多地體現(xiàn)出阿拉伯民族主義傾向。這一階段中,具有強(qiáng)烈分裂傾向的庫爾德認(rèn)同對伊拉克外交的影響也比較明顯,伊拉克與伊朗、土耳其、敘利亞曾合作鎮(zhèn)壓庫爾德運動,但是伊朗等國也支持伊拉克國內(nèi)庫爾德人分裂運動挾制伊拉克政府。薩達(dá)姆時期,復(fù)興黨強(qiáng)烈的阿拉伯認(rèn)同在外交政策中得到充分體現(xiàn),伊拉克積極追求阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán),但因為兩伊戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā),伊拉克對阿拉伯國家的政策轉(zhuǎn)向溫和,但一直堅持反對美國和以色列的立場。在兩伊戰(zhàn)爭和海灣戰(zhàn)爭中,伊拉克為了動員國內(nèi)民眾,贏得中東國家的支持和同情,,薩達(dá)姆訴諸于伊斯蘭認(rèn)同。后薩達(dá)姆時期,伴隨阿拉伯認(rèn)同衰落,伊拉克外交政策中的阿拉伯外交傾向減弱。這一時期伊拉克什葉派的地位上升,外交政策更多地體現(xiàn)出親伊朗傾向。 本文通過對伊拉克外交政策中認(rèn)同因素的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)伊拉克外交政策受到了認(rèn)同的深刻影響。另外,伊拉克國家認(rèn)同軟弱以及諸多認(rèn)同相互競爭是伊拉克外交政策方向多變的重要原因。重新構(gòu)建強(qiáng)大的國家認(rèn)同,在國家認(rèn)同指導(dǎo)下獨立自主地進(jìn)行外交交往,是伊拉克消除內(nèi)亂、提高國際信用度的可取出路。
[Abstract]:Identity is the identity holder's understanding of the relationship between himself and the other. The process of shaping identity is influenced by the power elites, social forces and international factors. It is an important source of national interests. There are two ways to restrict the foreign policy of the state or the decision maker. This paper takes the shaping of Arab identity on Iraq's foreign policy as the main line, divides Iraqi diplomacy into three stages: pre-Saddam period, Saddam period and post-Saddam period, and analyzes the foreign policy under the guidance of each stage identity. In the pre-Saddam period, Arab identity in the game with Iraq's national identity, Iraqi diplomacy more reflected the Arab nationalist tendencies. During this period, the Kurdish identity with a strong separatist tendency also had a more obvious impact on Iraqi diplomacy. Iraq cooperated with Iran, Turkey, and Syria to suppress the Kurdish movement. But Iran and other countries also support Kurdish separatist movements in Iraq to blackmail the Iraqi government. During Saddam Hussein's time, the strong Arab identity of the Baath Party was fully reflected in its foreign policy. Iraq actively pursued the leadership of the Arab world, but because of the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war, Iraq's policy towards Arab countries turned moderate. But it has been against the United States and Israel. In the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War, in order to mobilize the domestic people and win the support and sympathy of the Middle East, Saddam Hussein resorted to Islamic identity. In the post-Saddam period, with the decline of Arab identity, the tendency of Arab diplomacy in Iraq's foreign policy weakened. Iraq's Shia status rose during this period, and foreign policy reflected more pro-Iranian tendencies. By studying the identification factors in Iraq's foreign policy, this paper finds that Iraq's foreign policy is deeply influenced by identity. In addition, the weakness of Iraqi national identity and the competition of many identities are important reasons for the changing direction of Iraq's foreign policy. Reconstructing a strong national identity and independently conducting diplomatic exchanges under the guidance of national identity is a desirable way for Iraq to eliminate civil strife and enhance international credit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:D837.7
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