本文選題：土耳其 + 庫(kù)爾德��； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：庫(kù)爾德問題是指土耳其境內(nèi)的庫(kù)爾德人為了建立：自決獨(dú)立的國(guó)家所產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)問題。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,西方國(guó)家在中東地區(qū)人為劃分了不同的區(qū)域,從而造成中東庫(kù)爾德人分散居住在土耳其、伊拉克、敘利亞與伊朗等國(guó)境內(nèi),被認(rèn)為是世界上沒有自決獨(dú)立國(guó)家的民族之一,但庫(kù)爾德人向往建立獨(dú)立國(guó)家的希望一直存在。在土其其境內(nèi)庫(kù)爾德人數(shù)量眾多,約占土耳其總?cè)丝诘陌俜种恕Ｄ壳?其境內(nèi)的庫(kù)爾德人獨(dú)立訴求已經(jīng)從最初的尋求完全獨(dú)立,建立政府實(shí)體,轉(zhuǎn)變到了要求土耳其政府認(rèn)可其公民權(quán),相應(yīng)的給予其不同于其他民族的獨(dú)特權(quán)利。為此,庫(kù)爾德人與土耳其政府間進(jìn)行了幾十年的軍事斗爭(zhēng)。同時(shí),庫(kù)爾德問題的復(fù)雜性和長(zhǎng)期性以及其跨國(guó)、跨區(qū)域的特點(diǎn),還對(duì)土耳其的社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、民族利益以及本地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略利益造成了十分不利的影響。 近年來,庫(kù)爾德人越來越明顯的分裂主義傾向也讓土耳其政府感到了大的危機(jī)。目前土耳其政府正在積極努力,爭(zhēng)取早日加入歐盟,而庫(kù)爾德問題的日益嚴(yán)重不僅對(duì)其民族利益發(fā)展引來負(fù)而影響,也日益演變成了國(guó)際性的問題。在加入歐盟的過程中,土耳其政府也明顯感受到了來自歐盟的壓力。歐盟作為一個(gè)跨國(guó)家組織,其對(duì)民族自治和民族權(quán)力的保護(hù)和認(rèn)同以及人權(quán)問題較為敏感,而庫(kù)爾德問題的存在,也使得歐盟將其作為土耳其入盟的主要談判條件,嚴(yán)重影響了土耳其入盟的進(jìn)程。如果土耳其放棄對(duì)庫(kù)爾德民族的統(tǒng)治,這將不符合土耳其的民族利益和主權(quán)完整性原則,也不符合土耳其的民族尊嚴(yán)和國(guó)際利益需求。長(zhǎng)期以來,庫(kù)爾德民族主義者經(jīng)常與伊斯蘭教組織結(jié)盟,使得庫(kù)爾德問題更加復(fù)雜化,也成為土耳其建國(guó)以來面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn),對(duì)其國(guó)家生存產(chǎn)生了較大的威脅,也對(duì)土耳其國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展以及四方世界的認(rèn)同產(chǎn)生了消極影響。 研究土如其庫(kù)爾德問題不僅涉及到歐盟問題,而且也是土耳其國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化以及全球化研究的熱點(diǎn)問題,全球化的進(jìn)程是伴隨著區(qū)域化國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化同步進(jìn)行的,選擇庫(kù)爾德問題作為切入點(diǎn)討論土耳其的入盟戰(zhàn)略,不僅是戰(zhàn)略理論研究的重要問題,也是實(shí)際可觸知的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。因?yàn)閹?kù)爾德問題愈來愈熱,是與歐洲的普遍價(jià)值觀念相關(guān)的,歐洲是否真的支持土耳其加入,本身就存在問題。本研究選擇庫(kù)爾德問題作為切入點(diǎn),不僅有著戰(zhàn)略理論方面的意義,也有著極現(xiàn)實(shí)的意義。歐盟各國(guó)歷來是平衡的高手,在土耳其入盟問題上,英、法、德各有打算和利益點(diǎn)。因此,本研究對(duì)促進(jìn)解決庫(kù)爾德問題、推動(dòng)土耳其入盟進(jìn)程都具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The Kurdish problem refers to the problems that the Kurds in Turkey have created for the establishment of an independent state. After the end of the first World War, Western countries artificially divided different regions in the Middle East, resulting in the spread of Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran. Considered one of the world's nations without a self-independent state, the Kurds' hopes for an independent state persist. Turkey is home to a large number of Kurds, accounting for about 28% of Turkey's population. At present, the Kurdish independence in its territory has changed from seeking full independence, establishing a government entity, to asking the Turkish government to recognize its citizenship, and accordingly giving it a unique right different from that of other peoples. To that end, the Kurds and the Turkish government engaged in decades of military struggle. At the same time, the complexity and long-term nature of the Kurdish issue, as well as its transnational and cross-regional characteristics, also have a very negative impact on Turkey's social stability, economic development, national interests and the strategic interests of the region. In recent years, the increasingly separatist tendencies of the Kurds have also made the Turkish government feel a great crisis. At present, the Turkish government is actively striving to join the European Union at an early date, and the increasingly serious Kurdish problem not only has a negative impact on the development of its national interests, but also has increasingly evolved into an international problem. In the process of joining the EU, the Turkish government also clearly felt the pressure from the EU. As an inter-state organization, the EU is more sensitive to the protection and identification of national autonomy and national rights, as well as human rights issues. The existence of the Kurdish issue has also made the EU a major negotiating condition for Turkey's accession to the EU. This seriously affected Turkey's accession process. If Turkey renounces its rule over the Kurdish nation, this will not be in line with Turkey's national interests and the principle of sovereign integrity, nor with Turkey's national dignity and international interests. Kurdish nationalists have often aligned themselves with Islamic groups for a long time, complicating the Kurdish issue and becoming Turkey's biggest challenge since its founding, posing a greater threat to the country's survival. It also had a negative impact on the modernization of Turkey and the recognition of the Quartet. The study of Turkey, such as its Kurdish problem, not only involves the European Union, but also is a hot issue in the study of national modernization and globalization in Turkey. The process of globalization is accompanied by the modernization of the regionalized countries. Choosing the Kurdish issue as the starting point to discuss Turkey's accession strategy is not only an important issue in the study of strategic theory, but also a practical and practical one. Because the Kurdish problem is getting hotter and hotter, it is related to Europe's universal values, and whether Europe really supports Turkey's accession is a question of its own. This research chooses Kurdish question as the breakthrough point, not only has the strategic theory significance, also has the extremely realistic significance. The EU has always been a master of balance, with Britain, France and Germany having their own intentions and interests on the issue of Turkey's accession to the EU. Therefore, this study is of great significance to solve the Kurdish problem and promote Turkey's accession to the EU.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D815.5

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