本文選題：美越關系正�；�　切入點：戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題　出處：《浙江大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)時代,美國以遏制共產主義力量為己任,介入了印度支那地區(qū),支持越南的反共產主義力量。越戰(zhàn)期間,北部的越南民主共和國和南部的南方共和臨時革命政府就開始利用美國戰(zhàn)俘作為談判籌碼,要求美國撤軍。美國為反擊越南,反過來拿釋放戰(zhàn)俘作為撤軍條件,與越南展開談判斗爭。自此以后,美國戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題成為了貫穿美越關系發(fā)展始終的關鍵問題。尼克松政府后期,美越最終簽訂巴黎和平協(xié)定,規(guī)定當事各方解決戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題,美國援助越南重建的義務。早在艾森豪威爾政府時期,美國就確定了在東南亞構筑反共防線的目標就,因此它不甘心輕易放棄越南,于是繼續(xù)支持阮文紹政權,到福特政府時期,還多次否決越南加入聯(lián)合國的申請。越南統(tǒng)一前,其境內的越南民主共和國和南方共和臨時革命政府抗議美國實行分裂越南的政策,拖延甚至拒絕與美國合作調查戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題。越南統(tǒng)一后,建立了越南社會主義共和國,戰(zhàn)后重建援助成了越南對美國的主要訴求。美國拒不承認有此義務,并堅持越南配合調查戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題。隨著國內輿論對該問題的關注度逐漸提高,以及國際國內的政治形勢發(fā)生變化,美國卡特政府時期,開始靈活處理對越關系和戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題,美越關系漸有好轉。1978年,越南入侵柬埔寨,并形成了越蘇同盟,美越關系又一度降到冰點,政治解決柬埔寨問題成為了當務之急。里根在第二任期,迫于國內壓力,開始加快解決戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題的進程,改善美越關系。這一時期,越南在國際上受到長期孤立,其在柬埔寨的侵略政策受到了國際社會的譴責。其國內又面臨著生產下降,物資奇缺,人民生活水平極度低下的困境。這迫使越南政府調整對外政策,在戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題上表現(xiàn)出了積極的合作態(tài)度,試圖爭取美國的經濟援助和美越關系正�；�。1987,里根任命維西將軍為總統(tǒng)特使,處理戰(zhàn)俘與戰(zhàn)斗失蹤人員問題和對越關系事務,使美越關系取得了重大突破,到里根卸任時,美越已經在該問題上取得了許多成果,美越關系也得到了很大改善,為最終實現(xiàn)美越建交鋪平了道路。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, the United States intervened in Indochina to support the anti-communist forces in Vietnam.During the Vietnam War, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north and the interim Revolutionary Government in the South began to use American prisoners of war as bargaining chips to demand that the United States withdraw its troops.The United States fought back against Vietnam and, in turn, negotiated with Vietnam to release prisoners of war as a condition of withdrawal.Since then, the issue of American prisoners of war and missing combat personnel has become a key issue throughout the development of US-Vietnam relations.In the late Nixon administration, the United States and Vietnam finally signed the Paris Peace Agreement, which stipulated the obligations of the parties concerned to solve the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons, and the United States to assist Vietnam in reconstruction.As early as the Eisenhower administration, the United States set the goal of building an anti-communist defense line in Southeast Asia. Therefore, it was not willing to give up Vietnam easily, so it continued to support the Nguyen Van Thieu regime and went to the Ford administration.Vietnam's application for membership in the United Nations has also been rejected several times.Before Vietnam's reunification, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the interim Revolutionary Government of the Republic of the South protested against the United States' policy of splitting Vietnam, delaying or even refusing to cooperate with the United States in investigating the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons.After the unification of Vietnam, the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, after the war reconstruction aid became Vietnam's main demand for the United States.The United States refused to recognize this obligation and insisted that Vietnam cooperate in the investigation of prisoners of war and missing persons.With the increasing attention of domestic public opinion to this issue, as well as the changes in the international and domestic political situation, the Carter administration in the United States began to deal flexibly with relations with Vietnam and the issue of prisoners of war and missing persons in combat.Relations between the United States and Vietnam gradually improved. In 1978, Vietnam invaded Cambodia and formed the Union of Vietnam and the Soviet Union. Relations between the United States and Vietnam once fell to a freezing point, and political settlement of the Cambodian issue became a top priority.In his second term, Reagan, under domestic pressure, began to speed up the process of resolving the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons and to improve relations between the United States and Vietnam.During this period, Vietnam was long isolated internationally and its aggressive policy in Cambodia was condemned by the international community.Its domestic production decline, material shortage, extremely low living standards of the people's plight.This forced the Vietnamese government to adjust its foreign policy, to show positive cooperation on the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons, and to try to secure economic assistance from the United States and normalize U.S.-Vietnam relations. In 1987, Reagan appointed General Vichy as the President's special envoy.Handling the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons and relations with Vietnam has made a major breakthrough in US-Vietnam relations. By the time Reagan left office, the United States and Vietnam had made many achievements on this issue, and US-Vietnam relations had also been greatly improved.This paves the way for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D871.2;D833.3

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