本文選題：軍工復(fù)合體　切入點(diǎn)：美國對臺軍售　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國存在著眾多的利益集團(tuán)。軍工復(fù)合體是各類利益集團(tuán)中影響較大、地位較為重要的。軍工復(fù)合體是美國資本主義發(fā)展到國家壟斷階段的必然產(chǎn)物，也是美國國家壟斷資本主義制度的重要組成部分，它在美國有著特殊的地位。 軍工復(fù)合體的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了漫長的歷史過程。早在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，在美國的海軍現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中，私人企業(yè)的廣泛參與就締造了美國工業(yè)界同軍界、政界的互動關(guān)系，在這種互動關(guān)系中，軍工復(fù)合體開始萌芽。一戰(zhàn)之后，工業(yè)界同軍界、政界的關(guān)系進(jìn)一步密切。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)則使軍工復(fù)合體最終成型。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭使美國經(jīng)濟(jì)形成了對軍工復(fù)合體的依賴，越南戰(zhàn)爭則強(qiáng)化了這種依賴關(guān)系。在20世紀(jì)80年代里根執(zhí)政時期，軍工復(fù)合體的影響達(dá)到了一個新的高峰。經(jīng)過90年代的調(diào)整，軍工復(fù)合體增強(qiáng)了實(shí)力。21世紀(jì)初，軍工復(fù)合體在美國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用進(jìn)一步增大，并成為影響國際局勢的重要因素。 今天的軍工復(fù)合體主要由軍工企業(yè)、軍方、國會議員、智庫以及部分媒體構(gòu)成。軍工復(fù)合體的五個主體相輔相成，共同的利益紐帶使它們結(jié)成了一個密切的同盟。 1979年中美建交后，出于經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和意識形態(tài)方面的利益考量，軍工復(fù)合體的五個主體利用自己掌握的資源，積極推動美國政府向臺灣當(dāng)局出售武器。其中，軍工企業(yè)以經(jīng)貿(mào)活動為掩護(hù)，不遺余力地向臺方推銷軍事裝備。軍工企業(yè)還通過在臺灣建立政商關(guān)系，幫助臺灣當(dāng)局進(jìn)行武器研發(fā)等方式運(yùn)作對臺軍售。軍方在政府的代表國防部則全面參與到美國政府的對臺軍售決策中，并通過發(fā)布研究報告的方式，“論證”對臺軍售的必要性。美國國會則利用立法職能，為對臺軍售確立法律依據(jù)。此外，，國會議員還通過寫公開信的方式，利用自己的影響力，迫使臺灣當(dāng)局購買武器。美國智庫和一些媒體在對臺軍售事務(wù)上則發(fā)揮了制造輿論的作用。 軍工復(fù)合體在對臺軍售事務(wù)上并不是隨心所欲的。在美國國內(nèi)、中國大陸、臺灣島內(nèi)都存在制約軍工復(fù)合體的力量。美國國家戰(zhàn)略和民主政治制度經(jīng)常讓軍工復(fù)合體不能在對臺軍售議題上如愿。美國國內(nèi)的有識之士更是堅(jiān)決反對向臺灣出售武器。大陸方面反對對臺軍售的立場十分堅(jiān)定。軍工復(fù)合體在20世紀(jì)80年代運(yùn)作售臺F-5G戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，90年代推動《加強(qiáng)臺灣安全法》，21世紀(jì)初運(yùn)作售臺F—16C/D戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的圖謀都因大陸的外交努力而未能得逞。相比之下，臺灣對軍售的制約力度較小，但也不能完全忽視。 軍工復(fù)合體參與的美國對臺軍售行徑造成了若干嚴(yán)重的后果�！皸l約必須遵守”和“不干涉內(nèi)政的”國際法原則遭到踐踏。中美關(guān)系也因此被惡化，而中國人民的和平統(tǒng)一事業(yè)也因美國對臺售武而難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。軍工復(fù)合體出于一己私利涉入對臺軍售活動也破壞了臺灣的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:There are many interest groups in the United States.The military industrial complex is one of the most important and influential groups in all kinds of interest groups.The military-industrial complex is the inevitable outcome of the development of American capitalism to the stage of state monopoly, and it is also an important part of the American state monopoly capitalism system, and it has a special position in the United States.The development of military industrial complex has experienced a long historical process.As early as the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the extensive participation of private enterprises in the modernization of the navy of the United States created the interaction between American industry and military and political circles, in which the military industrial complex began to sprout.After World War I, industrial and military and political ties grew closer.World War II resulted in the formation of military industrial complexes.The Korean War made the American economy dependent on the military-industrial complex, which was reinforced by the Vietnam War.During the Reagan administration in the 1980 s, the influence of the military industrial complex reached a new peak.After the adjustment in the 1990s, the military industrial complex strengthened its strength. At the beginning of the 21st century, the role of the military industrial complex in American politics and economy increased further, and it became an important factor affecting the international situation.Today's military-industrial complex consists mainly of military companies, the military, members of Congress, think tanks and some media.The five main bodies of the military industrial complex complement each other, and the common interest ties make them form a close alliance.After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, due to economic, political and ideological interests, the five main bodies of the military-industrial complex used their own resources to actively promote the United States government to sell weapons to the Taiwan authorities.Among them, military enterprises use economic and trade activities as a cover, sparing no effort to sell military equipment to Taiwan.Military enterprises also operate arms sales to Taiwan by establishing political and commercial relations in Taiwan and helping the Taiwan authorities to carry out arms research and development.The military's representative in the government, the Department of Defense, is fully involved in the US government's decision on arms sales to Taiwan, and "demonstrates" the necessity of arms sales to Taiwan through the publication of research reports.The US Congress uses its legislative function to establish a legal basis for arms sales to Taiwan.In addition, members of Congress used their influence to force Taiwan to buy weapons by writing open letters.Us think tanks and some media have played a role in creating public opinion on arms sales to Taiwan.The military complex is not arbitrary in arms sales to Taiwan.In the United States, mainland China, Taiwan Island, there are constraints on the military complex forces.America's national strategy and democratic political system often prevent the military-industrial complex from reaching its wishes on arms sales to Taiwan.People of insight in the United States are strongly opposed to arms sales to Taiwan.The mainland's opposition to arms sales to Taiwan is firm.The military-industrial complex operated in the 1980s to sell F-5G fighter jets to Taiwan. In the 1990s, the attempt to promote the "Taiwan Security Enhancement Act" and the early 21st century to operate and sell F-16C/D fighter jets from Taiwan failed to succeed because of the diplomatic efforts of the mainland.By contrast, Taiwan's restrictions on arms sales are less severe, but cannot be completely ignored.The US arms sales to Taiwan with the involvement of the military industrial complex have had some serious consequences.The principles of "treaties must be observed" and "non-interference in internal affairs" have been trampled on.As a result, relations between China and the United States have deteriorated, and the peaceful reunification of the Chinese people has been difficult to achieve because of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.The military-industrial complex's involvement in arms sales to Taiwan for self-interest has also damaged Taiwan's economic and political environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：E117;D871.2

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