本文選題：尼克松　切入點(diǎn)：對(duì)日政策　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后根據(jù)美日自身利益的需要建立起的美日同盟已成為目前世界上最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一。20世紀(jì)60年代國(guó)際格局發(fā)生變化,美國(guó)對(duì)日本政策隨之進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整。這不但對(duì)美日兩國(guó)的內(nèi)外政策產(chǎn)生了一定的影響,還改變了亞太地區(qū)的局勢(shì)、國(guó)際關(guān)系格局以及中國(guó)的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略選擇。 20世紀(jì)60年代國(guó)際政治已呈現(xiàn)多元化趨勢(shì),美國(guó)陷入越戰(zhàn)實(shí)力相對(duì)下降,不得不承認(rèn)自身力量的限度。為了緩解國(guó)內(nèi)外面臨的緊張局勢(shì),美國(guó)施行戰(zhàn)略收縮,希望日本代替美國(guó)在東亞地區(qū)發(fā)揮更大的作用。冷戰(zhàn)格局下,日本依靠日美基軸獲得了特殊的利益和發(fā)展機(jī)遇,短短的20多年的時(shí)間完成了從戰(zhàn)敗國(guó)到成為世界矚目的經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)的角色嬗變。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速崛起,日本要求獨(dú)立自主,與美國(guó)平起平坐的呼聲越來(lái)越強(qiáng)。為了保持美國(guó)在亞洲太平洋地區(qū)的權(quán)力與作用,更好的令日本分擔(dān)責(zé)任,尼克松上臺(tái)后通過(guò)“歸還沖繩”,兩次“越頂外交”對(duì)日本實(shí)施“胡蘿卜加大棒”的外交政策調(diào)整。美國(guó)重新調(diào)整對(duì)日政策為70年代美日關(guān)系定下了基調(diào),拉開(kāi)了美日兩國(guó)關(guān)系的新篇章。 美國(guó)對(duì)日政策的調(diào)整有效的緩和了日美日雙方在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治領(lǐng)域所存在的矛盾。自此,兩國(guó)之間從戰(zhàn)后從屬支配、依附與被依附的關(guān)系向平等伙伴與相互協(xié)調(diào)、相互依賴的關(guān)系過(guò)渡。尼克松對(duì)日政策的調(diào)整適應(yīng)了國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化,是一種現(xiàn)實(shí)主義舉措,促進(jìn)了亞洲各國(guó)緊張局勢(shì)的緩和。同時(shí)“尼克松沖擊”增強(qiáng)了日本朝野要求改善中日關(guān)系的動(dòng)力,為中日邦交正�；峁┝艘粋�(gè)好契機(jī),中日兩國(guó)順利修好。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the US-Japan alliance established according to the self-interest of the United States and Japan has become one of the most important bilateral relations in the world at present.This not only has a certain impact on the domestic and foreign policies of the United States and Japan, but also changes the situation in the Asia-Pacific region, the pattern of international relations and China's foreign strategic choice.In the 1960s, the international politics had a pluralistic trend, and the United States fell into the Vietnam War and had to admit the limits of its own strength.In order to ease the tension at home and abroad, the United States implements a strategic contraction, hoping that Japan will replace the United States in playing a greater role in East Asia.In the cold war, Japan gained special benefits and development opportunities on the basis of Japan and the United States, and in a short period of more than 20 years completed the evolution of its role from a defeated country to an economic power that attracted worldwide attention.With the rapid rise of the economy, Japan's demand for independence and equality with the United States is growing louder.In order to maintain the power and role of the United States in Asia and the Pacific, and to make Japan share the responsibility better, Nixon adopted the "return of Okinawa" after taking office, and twice implemented the foreign policy adjustment of "carrot and stick" to Japan by "overtopping diplomacy".The readjustment of U.S. policy toward Japan set the tone for the 1970s and opened a new chapter in the relationship between the United States and Japan.The adjustment of American policy to Japan effectively alleviates the contradictions between Japan and Japan in economic and political fields.Since then, there has been a transition from a post-war relationship of subordination, attachment and attachment to a relationship of equal partnership and mutual coordination and interdependence.Nixon's policy adjustment to Japan adapted to the changes in the international situation and was a realistic move, which promoted the relaxation of tension in Asian countries.At the same time, the "Nixon shock" strengthened the power of the Japanese government and opposition to improve the Sino-Japanese relations, and provided a good opportunity for the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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