本文選題：美國　切入點：蘇聯(lián)　出處：《湖北大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版)》2015年04期

【摘要】：1955年日內(nèi)瓦四國首腦會議是上世紀(jì)50年代美蘇冷戰(zhàn)"解凍"的重要事件之一,通過相關(guān)外交檔案研究發(fā)現(xiàn),美國出于冷戰(zhàn)思維和對蘇聯(lián)的不信任,對日內(nèi)瓦首腦會議本身并不是特別熱衷,最后迫于各方壓力才同意召開日內(nèi)瓦四國首腦會議。當(dāng)時的艾森豪威爾政府十分清楚美蘇雙方在許多重大問題上存在根本性分歧,認(rèn)定會議難以取得進展,因此確定了了解蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、爭取關(guān)系緩和的會議目標(biāo)。與會期間,美國與蘇聯(lián)在德國統(tǒng)一、歐洲安全、裁軍和東西方交流等四個議題上展開了交鋒,由于美國為首的西方陣營堅持主張先德國統(tǒng)一后解決歐洲安全,這與蘇聯(lián)先建立歐洲集體安全體系后解決德國問題的主張背道而馳,加之美蘇雙方在裁軍問題上也互不愿意作出實質(zhì)性讓步,這使會議陷入僵局,未能取得重大進展。實際上,日內(nèi)瓦四國會議難以取得進展的關(guān)鍵性因素在于美國堅持?jǐn)骋曁K聯(lián)和以實力為基礎(chǔ)的遏制政策以及美蘇之間在德國問題上存在的根本性分歧。盡管會議沒有取得什么重大成果,但對美國而言,還是在一定程度上實現(xiàn)了自己的會議目標(biāo),即通過會議對蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有了進一步了解,在緩和的宣傳上未落下風(fēng),在一定程度上緩和了美蘇之間自冷戰(zhàn)以來的緊張關(guān)系,為日后"和平演變"戰(zhàn)略的實施打開了方便之門。
[Abstract]:The 1955 Geneva four-nation summit was one of the important events of the Cold War "thawing" between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Through a study of relevant diplomatic files, it was found that the United States was motivated by the Cold War mentality and distrust of the Soviet Union. The Geneva Summit itself was not particularly enthusiastic, and the Geneva summit was finally agreed to under pressure from all parties. The Eisenhower administration at that time was well aware that there were fundamental differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on many major issues. Considering that it was difficult to make progress at the meeting, the meeting set the objectives of the meeting on understanding Soviet leaders and striving for relaxation of relations. During the meeting, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in exchanges on four topics, namely, German reunification, European security, disarmament and exchanges between the East and the West. Since the Western camp led by the United States insisted on the reunification of Germany before the settlement of European security, this ran counter to the Soviet Union's proposal to establish a European collective security system before resolving the German issue. In addition, the United States and the Soviet Union are also unwilling to make substantive concessions on the disarmament issue, which has led to a deadlock in the meeting and has failed to make significant progress. In fact, The key factor in the difficulty of making progress at the Geneva meeting is that the United States persists in its hostility to the Soviet Union and its policy of containment based on power, as well as the fundamental differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on Germany, although the meeting has not yielded any significant results. But for the United States, to a certain extent, it has achieved its goal of meeting, that is, through the meeting, it has gained a better understanding of the Soviet leaders, and has not fallen behind in the detente propaganda. To some extent, the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union since the Cold War was eased, which opened the door for the implementation of the "peaceful evolution" strategy in the future.
【作者單位】： 華中師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：湖北省教育廳人文社會科學(xué)研究資助項目:2012G034
【分類號】：D819

【共引文獻】

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