發(fā)布時間：2018-03-30 05:08

  本文選題：南海問題　切入點：中美關系　出處：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：南海問題由來已久,是中國與有關國家圍繞南沙群島主權與毗鄰海域管轄權產生爭議的問題。它既是歷史遺留問題與領土主權問題,也是國際法問題和經濟資源問題,因其牽扯國家多,涉及范圍廣,很難在短時間內得到徹底解決。但冷戰(zhàn)結束至2009年前后,南海爭端各方能夠在一系列溝通與對話機制的協調下管控分歧,和睦相處。2009年的國際海疆劃界事件是南海問題風云突變的導火索,在此風波結束后,美國在“亞太再平衡”的大旗下將戰(zhàn)略視線東移,順勢介入了南海爭端,美國的干預行為是通過明確的政策指導有序推進的,從“航行自由、遵守國際法”的道德說教,到“事關國家利益、確保規(guī)則秩序”的所謂訴求,再到“巡航南海、拉攏東盟”的實際行動。美國的攪局使南海問題逐漸由“隱性”變?yōu)椤帮@性”,也使得有關爭端國矛盾激化,小范圍摩擦不斷,地區(qū)局勢風云開闔,極不穩(wěn)定。奧巴馬第一個任期內,美國實施了刺激國內經濟復蘇的一攬子計劃,也成功實現了從中東和西亞地區(qū)撤軍。在其第二個任期內,美國主要外交戰(zhàn)場轉移到了亞太,中美之間在南海地區(qū)進行著激烈的博弈。美國制定的南海政策,從初衷、內容、目的與手段上來看都有明顯的“針對中國”傾向。2009年國際金融危機以來,世界權力格局發(fā)生了顯著變化:美國的持續(xù)衰落與中國的持續(xù)崛起,尤其在南海地區(qū),美國面臨著影響力下滑、地緣安全形勢嚴峻、盟友關系疏遠、中國“戰(zhàn)略擴張”、經濟利益增大等一系列所謂的困境,這些要素構成了美國制定南海政策的出發(fā)點。美國是世界上最善于制定外交政策的國家。奧巴馬時期的南海政策傳遞出美國政府對南海問題的基本立場、態(tài)度與價值取向,涵蓋了美國處理南海事務的一般原則和精神,統籌美國在南海地區(qū)的外交行動與軍事部署,為美國領導人發(fā)表涉南海言論提供了一個基本的邏輯思路。通過研究美國南海政策,可以清楚的解析奧巴馬時期美國在南海地區(qū)“都做了些什么,是怎樣做的以及為什么要這樣做? ”從政策層面對美國外交與軍事行動有個整體的把握和認知,為中國的應對和反擊提供一個較為穩(wěn)妥的理論建議。本文以奧巴馬執(zhí)政時期為限,這一時期美國不僅制定了一套系統的南海政策,也付諸于實施并取得了預期的效應,也可能會被特朗普政府所繼承和延續(xù)。本文主體分為四大部分,第一部分介紹美國南海政策的出發(fā)點,第二部分闡述奧巴馬政府南海政策的形成過程、主要內容與基本特點,第三部分介紹該政策的實施效應,第四部分對美國南海政策的未來進行了展望并提出了一些應對策略。從古典現實主義的視角來看,中美之間圍繞權力和利益的斗爭注定了兩國在南海問題上的較量也會日趨常態(tài),這就要求我們做好長遠的規(guī)劃與打算。
[Abstract]:The question of the South China Sea has a long history, and it is a dispute between China and the countries concerned over the sovereignty of the Nansha Islands and the jurisdiction over the adjacent sea areas. It is not only a question of historical legacy and territorial sovereignty, but also a question of international law and economic resources. Because it involves a large number of countries and involves a wide range of countries, it is difficult to completely resolve in a short time. But between the end of the Cold War and around 2009, the parties to the South China Sea dispute can manage their differences under the coordination of a series of communication and dialogue mechanisms. The international maritime boundary demarcation incident in 2009 was the trigger for a sudden change in the South China Sea issue. After the storm ended, the United States moved its strategic line of sight eastward under the banner of "Asia-Pacific rebalancing," and stepped in to the South China Sea dispute. The intervention of the United States was carried out in an orderly manner through clear policy guidance, ranging from the moral preaching of "freedom of navigation, compliance with international law," to the so-called "national interest, ensuring the order of the rules", to the "cruise of the South China Sea." The United States' stirring up the South China Sea issue has gradually changed the South China Sea issue from "recessive" to "explicit", which has also intensified the contradictions between the countries concerned in the dispute, kept friction on a small scale, and opened and closed the regional situation. Extremely unstable. During Obama's first term, the United States implemented a package to stimulate domestic economic recovery and successfully withdrew troops from the Middle East and West Asia. In his second term, the main diplomatic battleground of the United States shifted to the Asia-Pacific region. There is a fierce game between China and the United States in the South China Sea. The South China Sea policy formulated by the United States has an obvious tendency to "target China" in terms of its original intention, content, purpose and means. Since the international financial crisis in 2009, Significant changes have taken place in the world power landscape: the continued decline of the United States and the continued rise of China, especially in the South China Sea, where the United States is facing a decline in influence, a grim geopolitical security situation and estrangement of its allies. China has a series of so-called dilemmas such as "strategic expansion" and increased economic benefits. These elements constitute the starting point for the United States to formulate its policy on the South China Sea. The United States is the best country in the world in formulating foreign policy. The Obama administration's policy on the South China Sea conveyed the basic position, attitude and value orientation of the US government on the issue of the South China Sea. It covers the general principles and spirit of the United States in handling affairs in the South China Sea, co-ordinates US diplomatic actions and military arrangements in the South China Sea region, and provides a basic logical way of thinking for US leaders to make statements concerning the South China Sea. It is clear what the United States did in the South China Sea during Obama's time, how and why? "from the policy level, there is an overall grasp and cognition of the US diplomatic and military actions, which provides a relatively sound theoretical suggestion for China's response and counterattack." this article is limited to the Obama administration. During this period, the United States not only formulated a set of systematic policies in the South China Sea, but also put them into practice and achieved the expected effects, which may also be inherited and continued by the Trump administration. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the starting point of the South China Sea policy of the United States, the second part describes the formation process, the main content and the basic characteristics of the Obama administration policy in the South China Sea, the third part introduces the implementation effect of the policy. The fourth part looks forward to the future of the South China Sea policy of the United States and puts forward some countermeasures. The struggle between China and the United States over power and interests is bound to lead to an increasingly normal contest over the South China Sea, which requires us to plan and plan for the long term.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D871.2;D823

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本文編號：1684471