本文選題：卡特　切入點：人權　出處：《哈爾濱師范大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：所謂“人權外交”,主要指美國等某些西方資本主義國家把人權的基本原則運用到外交領域當中,作為處理國際關系的一種基本準則,這種外交政策往往以捍衛(wèi)人權為幌子,達到干涉別國內政的目的,是一種具有侵略性質和霸權主義特征的外交手段。 1977年卡特出任美國總統(tǒng),他繼承了威爾遜總統(tǒng)的理想主義外交傳統(tǒng)和對人權問題的關注,開始在全世界奉行積極的“人權外交”政策,揭開了美國外交史上新的一頁�！叭藱嗤饨弧彪m然不是卡特的發(fā)明,但是,卻是因為他的努力使之成為美國外交政策的核心內容。在卡特總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政四年中,“人權外交”被看做是當時美國政府處理外交關系最重要的出發(fā)點之一,并對美國外交政策構成了深遠的影響。卡特之后美國歷屆政府的人權政策無一例外地遵循了卡特“人權外交”的基本原則,可以說這一外交政策已被美國的政治家們奉為經典,并沿用至今。 鑒于“人權外交”在美國外交政策史中的重要地位和“人權外交”本身的敏感性,國內外研究該問題的學者很多,研究成果也頗豐。本文主要是在綜合多位國內外著名學者的研究成果的基礎上,結合自己在人權問題上的學習與認識,對卡特政府時期的“人權外交”進行一個系統(tǒng)的梳理和總結,同時通過對重要史實的闡述和理論問題的歸納,以期更加全面地概括出卡特“人權外交”的實質及其影響。 全文共分為四個部分。 第一部分,論述卡特“人權外交”的內涵。該部分較為準確地解釋了“人權”、“人權外交”、“理想主義”、“理想主義外交”等相關概念,以及它們之間的內在聯系。通過對這些概念的闡述,對卡特的“人權外交”能夠形成一個總的認識。 第二部分,論述卡特“人權外交”產生的原因。這一部分主要包括三個方面的內容,卡特“人權外交”產生的歷史與時代背景,“人權外交”的理論淵源,“人權外交”與卡特個人經歷的內在關聯。通過對該部分的分析,我們了解到卡特的“人權外交”的產生并非無源之水、無本之木,它是外在與內在各種因素共同作用的結果。 第三部分,敘述卡特“人權外交”實踐的具體過程。卡特的人權外交與其他外交政策不同,它的實施范圍相對較廣,包括針對蘇聯與東歐的人權外交,針對拉丁美洲以及廣大亞非國家的人權外交。通過大量史實,闡述卡特“人權外交”是如何在全世界廣泛展開的,以及它最終的失敗與失敗的原因,以期更加系統(tǒng)地認識卡特的“人權外交”。 第四部分,論述卡特“人權外交”的實質。卡特的“人權外交”作為美國外交政策的主要內容,他必然是體現美國意識和實現美國國家利益的手段。“人權外交”將美國式的人權標準強加與他國,是一種意識形態(tài)擴張的表現。通過該部分的論述,可以更加清楚地認識到卡特“人權外交”霸權主義的本來面目。
[Abstract]:The so-called "human rights diplomacy" mainly means that certain Western capitalist countries, such as the United States, apply the basic principles of human rights to the diplomatic field as a basic criterion for handling international relations. This kind of foreign policy is often used as a guise of defending human rights. To achieve the purpose of interfering in the internal affairs of other countries is a diplomatic means characterized by aggression and hegemonism. In 1977, Carter became President of the United States. He inherited President Wilson's idealistic diplomatic tradition and his concern for human rights issues, and began to pursue an active "human rights diplomacy" policy throughout the world. "Human Rights diplomacy" is not Carter's invention, but, But because of his efforts to make it a central part of U.S. foreign policy, during President Carter's four years in office, "human rights diplomacy" was seen as one of the most important starting points for the administration's foreign relations at the time. And it has a profound impact on US foreign policy. The human rights policies of successive US administrations since Carter have followed the basic principles of Carter's "human rights diplomacy" without exception. It can be said that this foreign policy has been regarded as a classic by American politicians. And still in use today. In view of the importance of "human rights diplomacy" in the history of American foreign policy and the sensitivity of "human rights diplomacy" itself, many scholars at home and abroad have studied this issue, This paper is mainly based on the research results of many famous scholars at home and abroad, combining their own study and understanding on human rights issues. This paper systematically combs and summarizes the "human rights diplomacy" in Carter administration, and at the same time summarizes the essence and influence of Carter's "human rights diplomacy" by expounding the important historical facts and summarizing the theoretical problems. The full text is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the connotation of Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy", which accurately explains the concepts of "Human Rights", "Human Rights diplomacy", "idealism", "idealistic diplomacy", etc. Through the elaboration of these concepts, a general understanding of Carter's "human rights diplomacy" can be formed. The second part discusses the reasons for Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy". This part mainly includes three aspects. The history and historical background of Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy", the theoretical origin of "Human Rights diplomacy", and the internal relationship between "Human Rights diplomacy" and Carter's personal experience. We understand that Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy" is not without water, no wood, it is the result of external and internal factors. The third part describes the specific process of Carter's practice of "Human Rights diplomacy". Carter's human rights diplomacy is different from other foreign policies, and its implementation scope is relatively wide, including human rights diplomacy aimed at the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. With regard to human rights diplomacy in Latin America and the vast majority of Asian and African countries... through a great deal of historical facts, this paper expounds how Carter's "human rights diplomacy" has spread widely throughout the world, and the reasons for its ultimate failure and failure. In order to understand Carter's "human rights diplomacy" more systematically. The fourth part discusses the essence of Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy". Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy" is the main content of American foreign policy. He is bound to be a means of embodying American consciousness and realizing the national interests of the United States. "Human Rights diplomacy" imposes American-style human rights standards on other countries, which is an expression of ideological expansion. It is possible to recognize more clearly the true nature of Carter's human rights diplomacy hegemonism.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2

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