本文選題：毛澤東時代　切入點(diǎn)：意識形態(tài)　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：馬列主義是毛澤東時代中國社會主流意識形態(tài)。不管是新民主主義革命時期還是社會主義建設(shè)時期,馬列主義意識形態(tài)對中國社會政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化等方面都產(chǎn)生了非常重要的影響。外交是內(nèi)政的延續(xù),馬列主義意識形態(tài)對毛澤東時代中國對蘇對美外交戰(zhàn)略當(dāng)然也產(chǎn)生了非常重要的影響。由于不同歷史時期時代背景、歷史任務(wù)不同,因此,馬列主義意識形態(tài)在毛澤東時代不同歷史時期表現(xiàn)出鮮明的個性特征。同樣因?yàn)椴煌瑫r期時代背景和歷史任務(wù)發(fā)生變化,毛澤東時代中國政府和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人及時調(diào)整外交戰(zhàn)略,以實(shí)現(xiàn)中國國家利益最大化。關(guān)于毛澤東時代不同歷史時期馬列主義意識形態(tài)對中國對蘇對美外交戰(zhàn)略選擇的作用,本論文認(rèn)為馬列主義意識形態(tài)的作用主要體現(xiàn)在指導(dǎo)中國對蘇對美外交戰(zhàn)略的制定,解釋中國對蘇對美外交戰(zhàn)略的合理性以及整合社會合力以推行對蘇對美外交戰(zhàn)略。在一定歷史背景下馬列主義意識形態(tài)對毛澤東時代中國對蘇對美外交戰(zhàn)略的制定和實(shí)施作用有限,它是影響中國外交戰(zhàn)略的重要因素,但不是決定因素,真正決定中國外交戰(zhàn)略選擇的還是國家利益。 第一章首先解釋意識形態(tài)、外交戰(zhàn)略等相關(guān)概念,論證意識形態(tài)與外交戰(zhàn)略之間的關(guān)系。概念是立論的基礎(chǔ),概念不明確,論證就等于是在沙堆之上建塔,得出的結(jié)論自然缺乏說服力。其次論述毛澤東時代作用中國外交戰(zhàn)略的意識形態(tài)是馬列主義意識形態(tài)。馬列主義意識形態(tài)在毛澤東時代不同歷史時期表現(xiàn)特征明顯不同,產(chǎn)生變化的主要原因是因?yàn)椴煌瑫r期中國人民的歷史任務(wù)發(fā)生變化,中國外交戰(zhàn)略隨之發(fā)生變化。馬列主義意識形態(tài)的作用主要是對所發(fā)生的外交戰(zhàn)略變化相應(yīng)進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和解釋,以及整合社會合力順利推行外交戰(zhàn)略。 第二章旨在論述新中國成立之前馬列主義意識形態(tài)作用中國共產(chǎn)黨聯(lián)蘇聯(lián)美外交戰(zhàn)略。以追求民族獨(dú)立和社會進(jìn)步為核心內(nèi)容的民族主義現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求是馬列主義意識形態(tài)在這一歷史時期的表現(xiàn)特征,主要體現(xiàn)為在國際舞臺上追求中華民族的獨(dú)立主權(quán)地位和在中國尋求社會革命與社會進(jìn)步的道路�？谷諔�(zhàn)爭時期,日本帝國主義的侵略使中華民族面臨亡國滅種的危險,中國共產(chǎn)黨采取聯(lián)美外交,終于打敗日本侵略者。解放戰(zhàn)爭時期,國民黨實(shí)行獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治,拒絕組織民主政府,中國共產(chǎn)黨采取聯(lián)蘇外交,終于打敗反動政權(quán),將中國建成一個人民民主的國家。馬列主義意識形態(tài)在這一階段中國化的內(nèi)涵集中表現(xiàn)為民族主義現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求,聯(lián)蘇聯(lián)美是這一訴求在外交戰(zhàn)略上的反映。 第三章探討新中國成立至20世紀(jì)50年代中期馬列主義意識形態(tài)解釋聯(lián)蘇反美外交戰(zhàn)略的合理性。新政權(quán)成立后,美國不僅威脅中國國家安全,還聯(lián)合其他國家對中國進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖,中國安全利益、政治利益以及經(jīng)濟(jì)利益主要受到來自美國的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害；中國與蘇聯(lián)不僅有相同的馬列主義意識形態(tài),而且蘇聯(lián)同中國一樣也遭到美國的遏制與封鎖,構(gòu)筑中國聯(lián)蘇反美外交戰(zhàn)略具備了現(xiàn)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。聯(lián)蘇反美外交戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)了中國國家安全,促進(jìn)了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展。這一階段馬列主義意識形態(tài)表現(xiàn)特征是社會主義理性追求,這一意識形態(tài)表現(xiàn)特征在中國外交戰(zhàn)略上的反映是中國加入社會主義陣營以應(yīng)對美國對華遏制的嚴(yán)峻形勢。 第四章闡述了20世紀(jì)50年代后期至60年代中期階級斗爭擴(kuò)大化如何影響中國反蘇反美外交戰(zhàn)略。這一時期,馬列主義意識形態(tài)表現(xiàn)特征集中體現(xiàn)為階級斗爭擴(kuò)大化。國內(nèi)建設(shè)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重“左”的錯誤后,中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對形勢發(fā)生錯誤估計,國內(nèi)階級斗爭擴(kuò)大化逐漸影響到外交關(guān)系。美國對中國的威脅沒有解除,蘇聯(lián)由盟友演變?yōu)橹袊鴶橙?中蘇兩黨關(guān)系由分歧到分裂,兩國國家關(guān)系也逐步走向破裂,中國安全環(huán)境非常嚴(yán)峻。中國政府采取反蘇反美外交戰(zhàn)略,以有限的國力同時反對世界上兩個最強(qiáng)大的國家。20世紀(jì)50年代中期開始,世界局勢漸趨緩和,中國采取激進(jìn)外交戰(zhàn)略雖然也維護(hù)了國家安全,但是代價太大,反蘇反美外交戰(zhàn)略有值得商榷之處。 第五章詳細(xì)論述了20世紀(jì)60年代后期至70年代馬列主義意識形態(tài)作用下中國聯(lián)美反蘇外交戰(zhàn)略。馬列主義意識形態(tài)在這一時期表現(xiàn)特征體現(xiàn)為淡化階級斗爭,中國外交開始向客觀務(wù)實(shí)的方向轉(zhuǎn)化。文革時期的極“左”外交使中國外交陷于低谷,而蘇聯(lián)武力威脅顯著上升,中國面臨的安全環(huán)境逐漸惡化,中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在國家安全上的認(rèn)識與判斷開始超越社會制度尖銳對立的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識選擇聯(lián)美反蘇外交戰(zhàn)略,具體體現(xiàn)為聯(lián)合第一世界的美國,第二世界的西方發(fā)達(dá)國家以及廣大第三世界發(fā)展中國家,構(gòu)筑反對蘇聯(lián)戰(zhàn)爭威脅的國際統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。這一外交戰(zhàn)略的重大轉(zhuǎn)折,緩解了中國面臨的安全壓力,也為中國改革開放后選擇全方位和平外交戰(zhàn)略提供了某種思路與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Marxism is the mainstream ideology of the society of Mao Zedong Chinese era. Whether it is the period of the new democratic revolution and socialist construction period, Marxist Leninist ideology of social and political China, have a very important influence in economic and cultural aspects. Internal affairs diplomacy is the continuation of Marxist Leninist ideology of the Mao Zedong Era Chinese very important influence on the Soviet Union of American diplomatic strategy of course also produced. As the background of different historical periods, different historical tasks, therefore, Marxist Leninist ideology is a distinct personality in the era of Mao Zedong in different historical periods. The same table because the background and historical tasks in different periods of change, the Mao Zedong era China government and leaders timely adjustment of diplomatic strategy, in order to realize the maximization of China the interests of the state. On the Mao Zedong era Marxism Leninism in different historical periods of consciousness form On the role of state on the Chinese Su American diplomatic strategy selection, this paper believes that the Marxist Leninist ideology mainly embodied in the role of guiding Chinese Su to the American foreign strategy, explain Chinese to sue to American diplomacy strategy and the rationality of the integration of social forces in the implementation of the Soviet Union to American diplomacy strategy in a certain historical background of Marxism Leninism. Ideology of the Mao Zedong era Chinese to formulate and implement action of Su to American diplomacy strategy is limited, it is an important factor affecting Chinese diplomatic strategy, but not a decisive factor, really determine the strategic choice of China diplomacy or the interests of the state.
The first chapter explains the related concepts such as ideology, diplomatic strategy, demonstrating the relationship between ideology and diplomatic strategy. The concept is the foundation of our argument, the concept is not clear, that is to build the tower in the sand on the conclusion of the natural lack of convincing. Secondly, Mao Zedong Chinese time effect of diplomatic strategy ideology is Marxist Leninist ideology. Marxist Leninist ideology in the era of Mao Zedong in different historical periods show different characteristics, the main cause of this change is because of people's different historical tasks Chinese period change, China diplomatic strategy change. Marxist Leninist ideology is the main function of the diplomatic strategy changes the corresponding guidance and interpretation, as well as the integration of social forces carried out smoothly diplomatic strategy.
The second chapter is to discuss the establishment of Marxist Leninist ideology before the new Chinese role of the Soviet Union Communist Party Chinese United diplomatic strategy. Nationalism reality pursuing national independence and social progress as the core content of the Marxist Leninist ideology in the performance characteristics of this period, is mainly embodied in the pursuit of the Chinese nation's sovereign status in the international arena and seek social revolution and social progress in the Chinese road. During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese imperialist aggression of the Chinese Communist Party Chinese the danger of subjugation, take united foreign, finally defeated the Japanese invaders. During the liberation war, the Kuomintang dictatorship refused to organize a democratic government, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to take Chinese diplomacy, finally defeated the reactionary regime. Chinese, will build a people's democratic state. Marxist Leninist ideology at this stage The connotation of the concentrated expression of nationalist reality, the Soviet Union and United is this appeal is reflected in the diplomacy strategy.
The third chapter discusses the establishment of the new Chinese to mid 1950s Marxist Leninist ideology justifying the Soviet Union anti American diplomatic strategy. After the establishment of the new regime, the United States is not only a threat to national security Chinese, is also associated with the economic blockade of other countries in China, Chinese security interests, political interests and economic interests mainly suffered serious damage from the United States and the Soviet Union; China not only have the same Marxist Leninist ideology, but also the same as the Soviet Union was also China containment and blockade of the United States, the Soviet Union to build Chinese anti American diplomatic strategy has realistic basis. The Soviet Union anti American diplomatic strategy to maintain China national security, promote economic and social development. Chinese features of Marxist Leninist ideology which is a socialist rational pursuit, the ideological features reflected in the China diplomacy strategy is to join the social main Chinese The righteous camp is to deal with the stern situation of America's containment against China.
The fourth chapter expounds the late 1950s to mid 60s, the extension of class struggle to influence China anti Soviet anti American diplomatic strategy. During this period, Marxist Leninist ideology embodies the features of the magnification of class struggle. The domestic construction of the serious "left" errors, Chinese leaders on the situation occurred error estimation, domestic class struggle enlargement gradually affect diplomatic relations. The China threat to the United States have not released by Soviet allies into enemies China, the relation between the two parties split by differences, relations between the two countries is gradually broken, China security environment is very grim. Chinese government adopted the anti Soviet anti American diplomatic strategy, with limited national strength also began against the two most the powerful national.20 century mid 50s world, the world situation is easing, China aggressive diplomatic strategy while also safeguarding the country It is safe, but the cost is too big, and the anti - Soviet and anti American diplomatic strategy is debatable.
The fifth chapter discusses the Marxist Leninist ideology in late 1960s to 70s under the action of China United anti Soviet diplomatic strategy. Marxist Leninist ideology in this period reflects the features of desalination for the class struggle, China diplomacy began to transform to the objective and practical direction. The cultural revolution period extremely "left" the foreign China diplomacy into a low ebb, and the Soviet armed forces the threat of increased security environment Chinese face gradually deteriorated, understanding and judgment on national security of the China leaders began to go beyond the traditional understanding of the social system in sharp contrast to the choice of United anti Soviet diplomatic strategy, embodied in the combination of the first world of the United States, second of the world's western developed countries and the developing countries of the third world, to build an international united front against the threat of war. A major turning point in this diplomatic strategy, to ease the Chinese facing security The pressure also provides some idea and experience for China to choose a comprehensive peace diplomacy strategy after the reform and opening up.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D829;K27

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