本文選題：外交表演　切入點(diǎn)：身份演化　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后,隨著情勢(shì)的發(fā)展,先前敵對(duì)國(guó)家的和解成為戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際和平體系重建的重要組成部分。然而,國(guó)家和解的進(jìn)程曲折反復(fù),有很多難解的問(wèn)題和值得研究的地方。本研究主要圍繞一個(gè)核心問(wèn)題:在面臨共同威脅與關(guān)系和解的巨大收益預(yù)期下,為什么國(guó)家自我身份有時(shí)并未朝著正常化的集體身份轉(zhuǎn)變,而有時(shí)又會(huì)突然出現(xiàn)進(jìn)化和轉(zhuǎn)變,造成這一狀況的原因是什么?本文結(jié)合中美關(guān)系正�；瘉�(lái)探討此研究問(wèn)題。一方面,現(xiàn)有的學(xué)理研究主要探討權(quán)力、情感和身份等因素在阻止或促進(jìn)國(guó)家和解中的作用,卻沒(méi)有研究國(guó)家和解本身,也沒(méi)有把它當(dāng)作過(guò)程來(lái)研究;其中的身份解釋雖然指出國(guó)家和解的本質(zhì)在于社會(huì)身份關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變,但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明國(guó)家身份關(guān)系從敵視到和解的演化動(dòng)力來(lái)源。另一方面,有關(guān)中美關(guān)系正常化的文獻(xiàn)大多屬于經(jīng)驗(yàn)性研究,將雙邊關(guān)系演變視作國(guó)際體系結(jié)構(gòu)、國(guó)內(nèi)政治或個(gè)人決策等因素直接驅(qū)動(dòng)的結(jié)果,但沒(méi)有將它視作一個(gè)自有自足的領(lǐng)域和進(jìn)程來(lái)研究。因此,這些均不能恰當(dāng)?shù)亟忉尡狙芯刻岢龅膯?wèn)題。在現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出外交表演影響國(guó)家和解進(jìn)程中身份演化動(dòng)力的理論框架,設(shè)計(jì)出相應(yīng)的理論假設(shè),并選取福特政府和卡特政府對(duì)華關(guān)系正常化來(lái)開(kāi)展案例比較分析。在國(guó)家和解過(guò)程中,一國(guó)對(duì)他者身份和訴求的認(rèn)同從根本上影響到兩國(guó)關(guān)系正�；倪M(jìn)程。在理論層面,本研究將國(guó)家關(guān)系正常化視作一國(guó)表演者在特定舞臺(tái)上面向他國(guó)觀眾所開(kāi)展的外交行為實(shí)施,具有象征性和實(shí)踐性兩個(gè)方面。在此進(jìn)程中,一國(guó)外交表演可以影響自我對(duì)他者認(rèn)同,以及自我身份朝和解的集體身份關(guān)系演化的動(dòng)力。為進(jìn)一步分析,本文將國(guó)家的外交表演劃分為舞臺(tái)、觀眾和表演者三個(gè)維度。在具體定義每個(gè)維度的基礎(chǔ)上,提出三個(gè)理論子假設(shè):在表演舞臺(tái)層面,當(dāng)國(guó)外和國(guó)內(nèi)舞臺(tái)之間越呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)時(shí),則越有利于表演者認(rèn)同他者,自我身份向集體身份進(jìn)化的動(dòng)力越大,此時(shí)表演的實(shí)踐性則越強(qiáng);在表演對(duì)象層面,當(dāng)觀眾的預(yù)期與表演者意圖之間越呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)時(shí),則越能積極回應(yīng)表演者呈現(xiàn)的外交行為實(shí)施,越有助表演國(guó)自我身份向集體身份的進(jìn)化,此時(shí)表演的實(shí)踐性越強(qiáng);在表演人員層面,當(dāng)一國(guó)政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人表演時(shí)的話語(yǔ)和行動(dòng)實(shí)踐之間越呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)時(shí),則越能提升自我對(duì)他者的認(rèn)同,推動(dòng)自我與他者身份關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)變的動(dòng)力越大,此時(shí)表演的實(shí)踐性也越強(qiáng)。為檢驗(yàn)理論假設(shè),本文在簡(jiǎn)述尼克松政府給中美關(guān)系正常化留下的政治遺產(chǎn)后,選取福特政府和卡特政府的對(duì)華關(guān)系正�；_(kāi)展案例研究。在福特政府和卡特政府時(shí)期,美國(guó)一直面臨蘇聯(lián)的威脅,深知雙邊關(guān)系正�；瘯�(huì)給美國(guó)帶來(lái)的巨大利益,也了解中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)雙邊關(guān)系正�；钠谕�,但兩個(gè)政府對(duì)華政策的進(jìn)程和結(jié)果出現(xiàn)明顯的差異。為解釋此經(jīng)驗(yàn)困惑,在依據(jù)所搭建的理論框架的基礎(chǔ)上,將外交表演的三個(gè)維度在福特和卡特對(duì)華外交表演中依次作了分析,關(guān)注它們?nèi)绾斡绊憙蓚�(gè)政府認(rèn)同中國(guó)的主權(quán)身份和協(xié)商自我身份朝集體身份演化的動(dòng)力。經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的論證,本文的理論假設(shè)和變量間的因果關(guān)系得到了證實(shí)。除了國(guó)家和解之外,本研究也希望外交表演的概念和理論分析也有助于我國(guó)新時(shí)期外交實(shí)踐、外宣工作和軟實(shí)力建設(shè)等方面的研究。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, with the development of the situation, previously hostile countries and become an important part of the postwar international peace system reconstruction. However, the national reconciliation process full of twists and turns, there are a lot of problems and is worth studying place. This study focuses on one core problem: in the face of a common threat and huge gains expected settlement next, why national identity sometimes did not shift towards the normalization of collective identity, and sometimes will suddenly appear evolution and transformation, what are the reasons for this situation? Based on the Sino US relations are often turn to discuss this problem. On the one hand, the existing research mainly discusses power, emotion and identity. The factors in preventing or promoting national reconciliation in the role, but not on national reconciliation itself, did not regard it as a process of identity; explain the though that country Reconciliation is the essence of transformation of social identities, but did not specify the national identity relations from hostile to the power source and evolution. On the other hand, the normalization of Sino US relations in the literature mostly belongs to empirical research, the evolution of bilateral relations as the structure of the international system, domestic political or personal decision and other factors directly driven results, but don't see it as one of its own self-contained area and process to study. Therefore, these are not properly explain this research questions. On the basis of existing research, this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of dynamic performance of foreign identity affects the national reconciliation process, designed the corresponding theoretical assumptions, and select the normalization of Ford the government and the Carter government's relationship with China to carry out comparative case analysis. In the national reconciliation process, a country of otherness and demands the identity fundamentally affect The process of normalization of relations between the two countries. In theory, this study will implement the normalization of relations between the national diplomacy behavior as a country performer to his country's audience in particular above the stage, with two aspects of symbol and practice. In this process, a country's diplomatic performance can affect the self of the other identity, and power the evolution of collective identity relationship towards reconciliation. Self identity for further analysis, this paper divides the foreign countries for the stage show, the three dimensions of the audience and performers. Based on the specific definition on each dimension, put forward three theoretical assumptions: in sub stage level, when the positive correlation between foreign and domestic stage that is more conducive to the identity of the other performers, dynamic self identity to the collective identity evolution is bigger, the practical performance is strong; in the performance object level, when the pre stage and performing audience The intention between the positive correlation, the more able to respond positively to the diplomatic behavior of the performers, help show country identity evolution to collective identity, the practical performance is stronger; in the play staff level, more positive correlation between a country's political leaders when performing discourse and practice when the more can enhance the self identity on the other, to promote the transformation of power relations between the ego and the otherness is bigger, the practical performance is stronger. In order to test the theoretical hypothesis, this paper describes the political legacy in the Nixon administration to the normalization of Sino US relations left after the selection of relations with China Ford and Carter government of the normal carry out case study. In the Ford government and the Carter administration, the United States has been facing the threat of the Soviet Union, great benefits that the normalization of bilateral relations will be brought to the United States, but also understand the long-term Chinese To realize the normalization of bilateral relations expectations since two but the process and results of the government's policy towards China appear obvious difference. To explain this experience confusion, based on the theoretical framework to build on the three dimensions of foreign performance in Ford and Carter diplomatic performances are analyzed, attention how do they affect the two China sovereign government identity identity and self identity in the negotiation power of collective identity evolution. After careful argumentation, the causal relationship between the theory and the variables are confirmed. In addition to the national reconciliation, it is hoped that the analysis of conception and theory of foreign performance also contribute to my diplomatic practice in the new period, the research work of publicity and soft power construction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D829.712
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本文編號(hào)：1572525