本文關(guān)鍵詞： 新中國 科技發(fā)展 對外關(guān)系 互動演進(jìn)　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力。隨著第三次科技革命的興起,科技在國家發(fā)展中的作用日趨重要,成為衡量國家綜合實(shí)力、國際地位的重要指標(biāo)。國家間以科技為核心的綜合國力的競爭也愈演愈烈,一個科技實(shí)力匱乏的國家很難在國際舞臺上有所作為,科技對國家對外交往產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深刻的影響。 自建國以來,我國在科技和外交領(lǐng)域都取得了令人矚目的成就,科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系相輔相成、共同促進(jìn),推動了實(shí)現(xiàn)我國國家利益最大化。然而,面對激烈的國際競爭,如何總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn),探尋科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系在互動演進(jìn)過程中呈現(xiàn)出的規(guī)律性、展現(xiàn)出的共同性,從而協(xié)調(diào)二者的發(fā)展,更好地服務(wù)于國家建設(shè),值得我們高度關(guān)注。為此,本文立足于對新中國科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系互動演進(jìn)的探究,這無疑具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)價值。 本文共分為六個部分。 第一部分首先在一般意義上對科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系的辯證關(guān)系進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,歸納出二者互動的規(guī)律：發(fā)展目標(biāo)具有統(tǒng)一性,發(fā)展過程具有相互依托性。 第二部分梳理了20世紀(jì)50年代我國科技恢復(fù)期與“一邊倒”外交戰(zhàn)略時期,科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系的互動演進(jìn),并指出在這一階段,二者的發(fā)展重心統(tǒng)一于維護(hù)國家安全利益,同時,“一邊倒”的外交戰(zhàn)略打破了國際上對我國的科技封鎖,而科技實(shí)力的提升有利于維護(hù)獨(dú)立自主的對外交往。 第三部分闡述了20世紀(jì)60、70年代科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系的互動演進(jìn),重點(diǎn)鍛造軍事“殺手锏”技術(shù)與“一大片”外交戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施相輔相成。該階段外交戰(zhàn)略與科技發(fā)展重心的轉(zhuǎn)變都是為了應(yīng)對當(dāng)時中國面臨的危機(jī),維護(hù)國家的安全利益。與此同時,外交戰(zhàn)略的轉(zhuǎn)變牽引了科技發(fā)展重心的轉(zhuǎn)移,而一系列軍事科技成果的取得是實(shí)現(xiàn)外交戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變的實(shí)力保證。 第四部分介紹了20世紀(jì)80、90年代科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系的互動演進(jìn)。科教興國方針的實(shí)施與韜光養(yǎng)晦、有所作為外交戰(zhàn)略的開展互為依托,二者的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展共同服務(wù)于國家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這一工作重心。 第五部分論述了21世紀(jì)以來創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)與和平發(fā)展道路外交戰(zhàn)略的互動演進(jìn)。在這一階段,科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系的目標(biāo)統(tǒng)一于實(shí)現(xiàn)國家創(chuàng)新型發(fā)展,同時,和平發(fā)展的外交戰(zhàn)略消弭了國際社會對中國崛起的擔(dān)憂,為開展國家間科技合作、發(fā)展我國科技事業(yè)掃除了障礙；對外關(guān)系的發(fā)展則對科技提出了更高的技術(shù)支持要求。 第六部分為進(jìn)一步協(xié)調(diào)科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系的互動演進(jìn),推動我國國家建設(shè)的大發(fā)展提出了有益的政策建言：協(xié)調(diào)一致的外交、科技發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略推動實(shí)現(xiàn)國家利益最大化；科技發(fā)展與對外關(guān)系必須秉承獨(dú)立自主、自力更生的原則；重視科技與外交相結(jié)合,發(fā)揮科技外交的重要作用；統(tǒng)籌利用對外關(guān)系,成為解決國家間科技爭端的重要手段。
[Abstract]:Science and technology is the first productive force. With the rise of the third revolution in science and technology, the role of science and technology in the development of the country is becoming increasingly important, as a measure of the comprehensive strength of the country. The competition of comprehensive national strength with science and technology as the core is becoming more and more intense, and it is very difficult for a country with a lack of scientific and technological strength to make a difference in the international arena. Science and technology have a wide and profound impact on the country's external contacts. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has made remarkable achievements in the field of science and technology and diplomacy. The development of science and technology and foreign relations complement each other, promote together, and promote the realization of the maximization of our national interests. In the face of fierce international competition, how to sum up the historical experience, explore the development of science and technology and foreign relations in the interactive evolution of the process of law, show the commonality, so as to coordinate the development of the two. Therefore, this paper is based on the exploration of the interactive evolution between the development of science and technology and foreign relations in New China, which undoubtedly has important theoretical significance and practical guiding value. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part analyzes the dialectical relationship between the development of science and technology and the external relations in a general sense, and concludes the law of interaction between the two. The development goal has the unity, the development process has the mutual dependence. The second part combs the interactive evolution of science and technology development and foreign relations during the period of science and technology recovery in 1950s and "one-sided" diplomatic strategy, and points out that in this stage. At the same time, the "one-sided" diplomatic strategy has broken the international scientific and technological blockade against China. The promotion of scientific and technological strength is conducive to maintaining independent and independent foreign exchanges. The third part expounds the interactive evolution of science and technology development and foreign relations in the 1960s and 1970s. The key forging of military "killer mace" technology and the implementation of "a large scale" diplomatic strategy complement each other. The transformation of the diplomatic strategy and the center of gravity of scientific and technological development at this stage is aimed at coping with the crisis facing China at that time. At the same time, the shift of diplomatic strategy leads to the transfer of the center of gravity of science and technology development, and the achievement of a series of military scientific and technological achievements is the strength guarantee to realize the transformation of diplomatic strategy. The 4th part introduces the interactive evolution of the development of science and technology and foreign relations in the 1980s and 1990s in 20th century. The implementation of the policy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and keeping its strength behind each other, and the development of its diplomatic strategy depend on each other. The coordinated development of both serves the focus of the work of national economic construction. The 5th part discusses the interactive evolution of the diplomatic strategy of the road of innovative country construction and peaceful development since 21th century. In this stage, the goal of scientific and technological development and foreign relations is unified to realize the innovative development of the country. At the same time, the diplomatic strategy of peaceful development has eliminated the international community's concern about China's rise, and cleared away the obstacles for the development of scientific and technological cooperation between countries and the development of our country's scientific and technological undertakings. The development of foreign relations put forward higher technical support requirements to science and technology. The 6th part puts forward some useful policy advice for further coordinating the development of science and technology and the mutual evolution of foreign relations and promoting the great development of China's national construction: coordinated diplomacy. The development strategy of science and technology promotes the maximization of national interests; The development of science and technology and foreign relations must adhere to the principle of independence and self-reliance; Attach importance to the combination of science and technology and diplomacy, give play to the important role of science and technology diplomacy; Overall utilization of foreign relations has become an important means of resolving scientific and technological disputes between countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G322;D820

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