本文關(guān)鍵詞：“第二次臺海危機”對中蘇關(guān)系的影響　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：1958年中國政府炮擊金門，導(dǎo)致臺海局勢再度緊張，最終引發(fā)了“第二次臺灣海峽危機”。危機爆發(fā)后，引起了世界各國的高度關(guān)注，尤其是美國和蘇聯(lián)的介入，使緊張局勢不斷升級。同時這也使中蘇雙方原本就存的矛盾與分歧在此次危機中逐漸凸顯出來，并且最終成為影響中蘇關(guān)系發(fā)展的重要因素。可以說此次軍事行動是造成中蘇關(guān)系惡化的直接導(dǎo)火索。本文就以“第二次臺海危機”為背景，分析了在此危機影響下的中蘇關(guān)系發(fā)展情況。 本文總共分為三大部分。在第一部分中，詳細分析了引發(fā)“第二次臺灣海峽危機”的原因。首先是美國，為了遏制蘇聯(lián)為首的共產(chǎn)主義的發(fā)展，美國繼續(xù)實行“扶蔣反共”的方針，牽制中國。蔣介石憑借美國支持，繼續(xù)推行“反攻大陸”政策，并不斷對中國的沿海進行騷擾。中共為了打擊蔣介石的反共政策，戳穿美國制造“兩個中國”的陰謀，維護國家統(tǒng)一與安定，決定采取軍事行動，給以教訓(xùn)。再次是蘇聯(lián)。就在赫魯曉夫上臺之后，蘇聯(lián)在對待美國的政策上發(fā)生變化，開啟了所謂的“和平外交”，主張緩和與美國的關(guān)系，在和平條件下與美國展開競爭，即“和平競賽”。與此同時，蘇聯(lián)也加大對社會主義國家的監(jiān)管與控制，這不僅造成中蘇雙方在對待外交以及國際社會主義運動方面的嚴重分歧，更使得中國開始有意的脫離蘇聯(lián)的控制，獨立自主的制定國家政策，包括此次的軍事行動，都是擺脫蘇聯(lián)的干預(yù)，提升中國在國際共產(chǎn)運動中的地位的重要表現(xiàn)。 第二和第三部分則是本文的重點，尤其是第三部分，是本文的核心。在危機爆發(fā)后蘇聯(lián)出于友好盟友的關(guān)系，不得不在輿論和行動上給中國以支持，但在實際中，蘇聯(lián)對于中國的軍事行動充滿了不滿與排斥，因為它不僅打亂了蘇聯(lián)的對外政策，更是把蘇聯(lián)推向核戰(zhàn)的邊緣。因此，在危機中，蘇聯(lián)與中國的矛盾分歧越來越大，造成兩黨還有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間嚴重的分歧與不信任，中蘇關(guān)系貌似神離。危機結(jié)束后，中蘇雙方在此次危機中暴露出的分歧與矛盾日益公開化和擴大化，，這為雙邊關(guān)系的正常發(fā)展埋下重大陰影。另一方面也因為此次危機雙方在臺海地區(qū)以及核武器的合作上出現(xiàn)嚴重分歧，最終蘇聯(lián)終止了對中國有關(guān)核技術(shù)的援助，不久之后又單邊撕毀中蘇合作條約，最終中蘇同盟關(guān)系破裂。由此，1958年中共炮擊金門引發(fā)的臺海危機成為影響中蘇關(guān)系發(fā)展的重大因素，是中蘇關(guān)系破裂的導(dǎo)火索。
[Abstract]:In 1958, the Chinese government bombarded Kinmen, leading to renewed tension in the Taiwan Strait, which eventually triggered the "second Taiwan Strait crisis." after the crisis broke out, it aroused great concern from all countries around the world. In particular, the intervention of the United States and the Soviet Union has escalated the tension. At the same time, it has also made the contradictions and differences that already exist between China and the Soviet Union have gradually become apparent in this crisis. And finally become an important factor affecting the development of Sino-Soviet relations. It can be said that this military action is a direct trigger for the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations. This article takes "the second Taiwan Strait crisis" as the background. This paper analyzes the development of Sino-Soviet relations under the influence of the crisis. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the causes of the "second Taiwan Strait crisis" are analyzed in detail. First, the United States, in order to contain the Soviet Union-led communist development. The United States continued to implement the policy of "supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing the Communist Party" to contain China. Jiang Jieshi, with the support of the United States, continued to pursue the policy of "counter-attacking the mainland". The CPC decided to take military action in order to crack down on Jiang Jieshi's anti-Communist policy, debunk the conspiracy of the United States to create "two Chinas," and safeguard national unity and stability. After Khrushchev came to power, the Soviet Union changed its policy towards the United States, opened the so-called "peaceful diplomacy," and advocated relaxation of relations with the United States. At the same time, the Soviet Union also increased the supervision and control of socialist countries. This not only caused serious differences between China and the Soviet Union in the treatment of diplomacy and the international socialist movement, but also made China begin to deliberately break away from the Soviet Union's control and independently formulate national policies. The military campaign, including this one, was an important sign of getting rid of Soviet intervention and elevating China's position in the international communist movement. The second and third parts are the focus of this paper, especially the third part, which is the core of this paper. After the crisis broke out, the Soviet Union had to support China in public opinion and action out of the friendly alliance. In practice, however, the Soviet Union was full of dissatisfaction and rejection of China's military action, because it not only disrupted the Soviet Union's foreign policy, but also pushed the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war. The growing contradictions between the Soviet Union and China have led to serious disagreement and distrust between the two parties and leaders. Sino-Soviet relations seem to be leaving. After the crisis ended. The differences and contradictions exposed in the crisis between China and the Soviet Union have become increasingly open and expanded. This has cast a major shadow on the normal development of bilateral relations. On the other hand, there have been serious differences between the two sides on the Taiwan Strait region and on cooperation on nuclear weapons in this crisis. In the end, the Soviet Union ended its assistance to China on nuclear technology, and soon afterwards unilaterally tore up the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Cooperation, finally breaking down the Sino-Soviet alliance. In 1958, the Taiwan Strait crisis caused by the Chinese Communist shelling of Kinmen became a major factor affecting the development of Sino-Soviet relations and a trigger for the rupture of Sino-Soviet relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D822.3;K27

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