本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國對(duì)法國戴高樂政府的政策研究（1958-1969）　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 美國 戴高樂 大西洋聯(lián)盟 北約

【摘要】：1958年,戴高樂重新執(zhí)政并建立了法蘭西第五共和國,這成為戰(zhàn)后法國對(duì)外政策的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。戴高樂開始改變法蘭西第四共和國依賴美國的大西洋主義政策,追求法國的“獨(dú)立”與“偉大”,并在大西洋聯(lián)盟內(nèi)部挑戰(zhàn)美國的霸權(quán)地位。作為西方世界的兩個(gè)重要大國,美法兩國雙邊關(guān)系的發(fā)展也影響著大西洋聯(lián)盟的團(tuán)結(jié)與穩(wěn)定。本文主要考察美國政府如何應(yīng)對(duì)戴高樂的挑戰(zhàn)以及維持大西洋聯(lián)盟的穩(wěn)定。戴高樂主要是從以下幾個(gè)方面發(fā)起對(duì)美國霸主地位的挑戰(zhàn)：建設(shè)由法國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并脫離美國控制的“歐洲人的歐洲”,反對(duì)“多邊核力量”計(jì)劃,堅(jiān)持發(fā)展獨(dú)立核力量以及退出北約軍事一體化組織。戴高樂的行動(dòng)沖擊了美國在大西洋聯(lián)盟內(nèi)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位并損害了大西洋聯(lián)盟的團(tuán)結(jié),美國政府則采取了軟硬兼施的措施來應(yīng)對(duì)法國的挑戰(zhàn)并維護(hù)大西洋聯(lián)盟的穩(wěn)定。艾森豪威爾政府拒絕戴高樂要求分享大西洋聯(lián)盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的要求�？夏岬险Ｍ麑⒔y(tǒng)一的歐洲納入美國主導(dǎo)的大西洋共同體,還主張發(fā)展“多邊核力量”以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)大西洋聯(lián)盟內(nèi)核力量的管理與控制。約翰遜政府采取克制、溫和的態(tài)度應(yīng)對(duì)1966年的北約危機(jī),維持了大西洋聯(lián)盟的團(tuán)結(jié)并借此機(jī)會(huì)改組北約。本文的結(jié)論是美國較為成功地應(yīng)對(duì)了戴高樂的挑戰(zhàn),美法兩國之間的爭(zhēng)斗也被控制在一定的限度內(nèi)。究其原因,最根本的是兩國實(shí)力差距懸殊,法國追求的目標(biāo)超出了其所擁有的物質(zhì)力量。第二,美國通過尋求與其他盟國的多邊合作應(yīng)對(duì)戴高樂的挑戰(zhàn),削弱其不利影響。第三,法國的對(duì)美挑戰(zhàn)政策是留有余地的,既反對(duì)其霸權(quán),又維持與其同盟關(guān)系。同時(shí)美國應(yīng)對(duì)大西洋聯(lián)盟內(nèi)部矛盾與分歧的方式與同時(shí)期蘇聯(lián)的應(yīng)對(duì)方式形成了鮮明對(duì)比,并導(dǎo)致不同的結(jié)果,這對(duì)我們今后正確處理與其他國家的合作關(guān)系提供了一定的借鑒。
[Abstract]:In 1958 de Gaulle returned to power and established the 5th Republic of France. This became a major turning point in French foreign policy after the war. De Gaulle began to change the 4th Republic of France, which relied on the Atlantic policy of the United States, and pursued France's "independence" and "greatness". And challenge the hegemony of the United States within the Atlantic Alliance. As two important powers in the Western world. The development of bilateral relations between the United States and France also affects the unity and stability of the Atlantic Alliance. This paper mainly examines how the United States government responds to the challenges posed by Charles de Gaulle and maintains the stability of the Atlantic Alliance. To challenge America's supremacy. Build a "European Europe" led by France and separated from American control. Oppose the "multilateral nuclear force" program. The insistence on the development of independent nuclear forces and withdrawal from NATO's military integration organization, Charles de Gaulle, has undermined America's leadership in the Atlantic Alliance and undermined its unity. The United states government has taken both soft and hard measures to meet France's challenges and maintain the stability of the Atlantic alliance. The Eisenhower administration has rejected de Gaulle's request to share the leadership of the Atlantic alliance. The Kennedy administration hopes. The integration of a unified Europe into the American-led Atlantic Community. The Johnson administration also advocated the development of "multilateral nuclear forces" to achieve the management and control of the Atlantic Alliance's core forces. The Johnson administration took a restrained and moderate attitude in response to the NATO crisis in 1966. It maintains the unity of the Atlantic Alliance and takes this opportunity to reorganize NATO. The conclusion of this paper is that the United States has met the challenge of Charles de Gaulle more successfully, and the struggle between the United States and France has been kept within a certain limit. Most fundamentally, the gap in power between the two countries is wide. France is pursuing goals beyond its material power. Second, the United States is seeking multilateral cooperation with other allies to meet the de Gaulle challenge. Third, France's policy of challenging the United States has left room for it to oppose its hegemony. At the same time, the way the United States dealt with the contradictions and differences within the Atlantic Alliance was in sharp contrast with that of the Soviet Union in the same period, and led to different results. This has provided certain reference for us to deal with the cooperation relations with other countries correctly in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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