本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國外交中的“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”及其相互關(guān)系研究　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 美國外交 “理想主義” “現(xiàn)實(shí)主義” 要素 相互關(guān)系

【摘要】：自美國建國初以來,美國外交就體現(xiàn)出意識形態(tài)考慮、道德色彩與現(xiàn)實(shí)利益考慮、權(quán)力政治色彩的復(fù)雜交織,亦即“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”的復(fù)雜交織。美國制定外交戰(zhàn)略的過程一直是在“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”之間尋求平衡的過程。更好地把握美國外交中復(fù)雜交織的“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”,客觀而全面地認(rèn)識美國的外交思維、利益考慮及其內(nèi)在邏輯,從而對美國的政策動機(jī)和現(xiàn)實(shí)條件做出準(zhǔn)確判斷,對于我國制定出明智而靈活的對美外交政策而言十分重要。 本文共分為三大部分,第一部分包括第一、二章,概述美國外交中的“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”,從文獻(xiàn)資料入手,厘清其歷史淵源與理論發(fā)展,將其提煉為影響美國外交思維與政策實(shí)踐的兩大要素,并歸納出其各自所包含的核心元素。第二部分包括第三、四、五章,分別詳細(xì)分析杰斐遜、威爾遜和小布什三位總統(tǒng)外交案例,先從美國外交思想史和政策史等史實(shí)資料入手,選取并詳細(xì)闡述三位總統(tǒng)的外交理念、政策和實(shí)踐,再剖析在上述三位總統(tǒng)的外交理念和政策、實(shí)踐中,“理想主義”要素與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”要素在外交理念、外交目標(biāo)和外交手段三個層面的各自表現(xiàn)并辨析各層面上的二者關(guān)系,試圖梳理“理想主義”要素與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”要素在美國不同歷史時期的一致性或變化,提煉出“理想主義”和“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”這兩大要素在各任總統(tǒng)外交中相互關(guān)系的重要論點(diǎn)。第三部分為第六章和結(jié)論,結(jié)合前面的案例分析,歸納總結(jié)美國外交中的“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”的各自特點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步從理論上辨析兩大要素如何相互作用并共存于美國外交中,進(jìn)一步提煉兩大要素在外交理念、外交目標(biāo)和外交手段三個層面上的相互關(guān)系及發(fā)展趨勢,最后辯證地得出美國外交中的“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”是一對雖然理念相反卻相輔相成、既對立卻又統(tǒng)一的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一體并傾向于進(jìn)一步融合的認(rèn)識。 本文認(rèn)為,美國外交中的“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”是一對內(nèi)涵有悖、對立又統(tǒng)一的理念要素,分別作用于美國外交的理念層面、目標(biāo)層面和手段層面,從而形成美國的“理想主義”式的外交理念、外交目標(biāo)和外交手段以及“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”式的外交理念、外交目標(biāo)和外交手段,二者在三個層面上都相互聯(lián)系、相輔相成,共同構(gòu)成美國的“理想主義”并“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”外交。 “理想主義”式的外交目標(biāo)與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”式的外交目標(biāo)分別代表美國不同的國家利益,共同構(gòu)成美國外交的根本目標(biāo)以及要實(shí)現(xiàn)的國家利益。同時,“理想主義”式的外交手段和“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”式的外交手段,二者的沖突不是國家利益本身的沖突而是具體外交方式、方法的沖突。無論是杰斐遜、威爾遜還是小布什總統(tǒng),他們都是同時采取“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”式的外交手段,有時是以“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”式的外交手段實(shí)現(xiàn)理想目標(biāo),有時是用“理想主義”式的外交手段實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)目標(biāo),有時則是以“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”的外交手段同時實(shí)現(xiàn)美國的理想目標(biāo)與現(xiàn)實(shí)目標(biāo),具體根據(jù)當(dāng)時不同的情勢而各有側(cè)重,但是絕不會完全舍棄其一。美國外交中“理想主義”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”二者相互關(guān)系的發(fā)展大趨勢是進(jìn)一步走向統(tǒng)一而非對立。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the founding of the United States, American diplomacy reflects ideology, moral color and realistic interests, mixed power politics, mixed namely "idealism" and "realism". The process of the making of American foreign strategy has been the process of finding a balance between "idealism" and "realism". To better grasp the American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism", objective and comprehensive understanding of American diplomatic thinking, interests and the inner logic of American policy motivation and realistic conditions to make accurate judgments, for our country to make sensible and flexible to the American foreign policy it is very important.
This paper is divided into three parts, the first part includes first, second chapters, an overview of American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism", starting from the literature, clarify its historical origins and theoretical development, refine the two factors influencing American foreign policy thinking and practice, and sums up their respective core elements the second part includes third, fourth chapters, five, respectively, a detailed analysis of Jefferson and George W. Bush, the three president of the foreign Werwilson case, first from the American foreign policy history, ideological history and historical information of selected and detailed exposition of the three presidents of the diplomatic idea, policy and practice, analyzes the practice in the three presidents the diplomatic ideas and policies, "idealism" and "realism" elements of elements in the diplomatic concept of the respective performance diplomacy and diplomatic means three aspects and the analysis on each level two The relationship between attempts to sort out the "idealism" and "realism" elements of elements in consistency or changes in the different historical periods, extract the "idealism" and "realism" of the two major elements in the diplomatic relationship between the president in an important argument. The third part is the sixth chapter and the conclusion, combined with the previous the case analysis, summarizes the American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism" of their respective characteristics, according to the theory of two elements interact and coexist in American diplomacy, to further refine the two elements in the diplomatic concept, relationship and development trend of three aspects of diplomacy and diplomacy on finally, the dialectic of American diplomacy "idealism" and "realism" is a concept of although instead complement each other, but the unity of opposites and unity An understanding that tends to be further amalgamation.
This paper argues that American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism" is a connotation of the contrary, the concept of elements of the unity of opposites, respectively for the U.S. diplomatic concept level, the target level and means level, thus forming the "idealism" of the diplomatic philosophy, and diplomacy and diplomatic goals "realism" style of diplomatic philosophy, diplomacy and diplomatic means, the two in three aspects are interrelated and complement each other, together constitute the "idealism" and "realism" in foreign affairs.
"Idealism" and "realism diplomatic goals" diplomatic goals respectively on behalf of the United States of different national interests, constitute the fundamental goal of American diplomacy and to achieve national interests. At the same time, "idealism" and "realism diplomacy" diplomacy, the conflict between the two conflicts not the interests of the state itself but the specific method of diplomacy, conflict. Either Jefferson, or Wilson President George W. Bush, they are also taking "idealism" and "realism" diplomacy, there is an ideal target to "realism" diplomacy, sometimes is to achieve real target "idealism" diplomacy, sometimes it is in the "realism" of diplomacy at the same time to achieve the ideal target and the actual target of the United States, according to the different time There are different focuses on the situation but never abandon it completely. The trend of the development of the relationship between the two idealism and realism in American diplomacy is to further unite instead of antagonism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D871.2

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