本文關(guān)鍵詞：二戰(zhàn)期間BBC與英國(guó)政府在外交事務(wù)和政策制定方面的互動(dòng)關(guān)系　出處：《北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：廣播是20世紀(jì)初在無(wú)線電技術(shù)刺激下產(chǎn)生的新型傳播方式。作為廣播業(yè)的先驅(qū)者和公共媒體的典范,BBC一直以客觀報(bào)道和脫離于政府控制的獨(dú)立性而蜚聲中外,被認(rèn)為是新聞傳播的經(jīng)典模式。其公營(yíng)媒體的性質(zhì)不同于美國(guó)以商業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的電臺(tái)模式,也不同于以政府為主導(dǎo)的傳媒體制。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,BBC既不受商業(yè)廣告的影響,又不受政府的控制。BBC既享受英國(guó)政府特殊政策扶植,又一直保持獨(dú)立性,堅(jiān)持其公共服務(wù)導(dǎo)向。 傳統(tǒng)的媒介研究將媒體作為一個(gè)“靜態(tài)”的體系,認(rèn)為媒體大致上可以劃分為施拉姆所著的《報(bào)刊的四種理論》中規(guī)定的四種類型：集權(quán)主義理論、自由主義理論、社會(huì)責(zé)任理論、蘇聯(lián)的共產(chǎn)主義理論。但事實(shí)上,媒介是動(dòng)態(tài)的,受到一定時(shí)代背景、政治變動(dòng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況等因素的影響,同一國(guó)家下的同一媒介,在不同時(shí)間內(nèi)也會(huì)折射出不同的傳播范式。 以BBC為例。作為公營(yíng)媒體,“公共服務(wù)”是其首要任務(wù)。但是,作為英國(guó)“文化、媒體和體育部”下屬的一個(gè)部門,并由于其獲得“皇家特許狀”的特殊身份和特殊的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源,包括英國(guó)政府的特別撥款,因此,捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家利益和宣傳英國(guó)的文化價(jià)值觀是其義不容辭的責(zé)任。BBC與政府的關(guān)系非常微妙。 本文將側(cè)重探討B(tài)BC與政府的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。文章選取了二戰(zhàn)為觀察點(diǎn),考察在非常態(tài)下BBC與政府在外交事務(wù)和政策制定方面的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。從現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)看,BBC試圖在新聞自由與政府約束之間取得平衡,與后者保持“一壁之遙”的距離,試圖營(yíng)造雙贏的局面。如果能對(duì)BBC與英國(guó)政府關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究和透視,有助于撥開(kāi)BBC的神秘面紗,也對(duì)發(fā)展我國(guó)的電視廣播事業(yè)大有裨益。 本文以傳播學(xué)名作《報(bào)刊的四種理論》中所提出的四種傳播范式為理論基礎(chǔ),以歷史的視角,以文獻(xiàn)研究方法為主,探討B(tài)BC與英國(guó)政府間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。作者首先提出假設(shè)：在非常態(tài)下,BBC的“國(guó)家利益”重于“公共利益”。文章的主要研究問(wèn)題是：1)在二戰(zhàn)這樣非常態(tài)的戰(zhàn)時(shí)情況下,BBC出于捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家利益的目的,是否會(huì)在新聞實(shí)踐中損傷客觀性? 本文收集的文獻(xiàn)包括中英文兩部分,其中英文文獻(xiàn)部分提供了大部分的事實(shí)性內(nèi)容,并很客觀地指出了BBC在二戰(zhàn)期間與英國(guó)政府的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,包括配合與斗爭(zhēng),而中文文獻(xiàn)對(duì)本論文研究問(wèn)題提供輔助性信息以及視角性解讀。 本論文共有五章。第一章介紹了選題的由來(lái),意義和目的,以及文獻(xiàn)綜述和論文中所使用的方法論。第二章介紹了本論文所使用的理論框架,對(duì)“公共媒體”進(jìn)行了理論分析,并且介紹了二戰(zhàn)中公共媒體與政府之間的關(guān)系,和其扮演的角色。 第三、四、五章是文章主體部分。第三章對(duì)BBC的基本情況進(jìn)行了介紹,包括其成立的過(guò)程和特點(diǎn)。第四章詳細(xì)論述了二戰(zhàn)期間BBC與政府之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。 第五章為結(jié)論部分。作者得出結(jié)論,在二戰(zhàn)中,盡管BBC受到來(lái)自政府方面的一些管控,但是從為公眾利益的角度出發(fā),仍然在努力堅(jiān)持其客觀性,也正是由于這種對(duì)客觀性的堅(jiān)持,最終為BBC和英國(guó)政府贏得了聲譽(yù),取得了雙贏的局面。 此外,有關(guān)二戰(zhàn)期間BBC廣播的第一手英文材料甚至第二手英文材料都難以獲得,因此國(guó)內(nèi)媒介研究學(xué)者甚少涉及。本研究的創(chuàng)新之處在于利用大量第二手英文材料,盡量還原BBC真實(shí)面貌,使人們對(duì)BBC有一個(gè)更加全面深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。 但是,由于受時(shí)間和能力的限制,尤其是史學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)的缺乏,作者不能夠細(xì)致全面地將所有的歷史細(xì)節(jié)展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。希望未來(lái)能有機(jī)會(huì)繼續(xù)深入研究。
[Abstract]:Broadcasting is a new mode of communication produced by radio technology at the beginning of the 20th century . As a model of broadcasting industry pioneer and public media , the BBC has been known as the classic mode of news dissemination . The nature of its public media is different from that of the American business - dominated radio mode , and it is different from the government - dominated media system . The traditional view is that the BBC is neither influenced nor controlled by the government . The BBC not only enjoys the special policy of British government , but also keeps its independence and insists on its public service orientation . As a " static " system , the traditional media research thinks that the media can be divided into four types : totalitarianism , liberalism , social responsibility and the communist theory of the Soviet Union . As an example of the BBC , the " public service " is the top priority . But as a division of the British " Culture , Media and Sport " , and as a result of its special status and special funding sources , including the British Government , it is incumbent on the British Government to defend national interests and promote the cultural values of the United Kingdom . The BBC is very subtle in relation to the Government . This paper focuses on the interaction between the BBC and the government . The article has selected World War II as an observation point to investigate the interaction between the BBC and the government in the development of foreign affairs and policy . From the perspective of reality , the BBC tried to strike a balance between the freedom of the press and the government , trying to create a win - win situation . On the basis of the four modes of communication proposed in the four theories of Journalism , this paper discusses the interaction between the BBC and the British government based on the historical perspective and the literature research method . The author first puts forward the assumption that the BBC ' s " national interest " focuses on " public interest " in the very state of the world war . The literature collected in this paper includes two parts : Chinese and English , in which the English literature part provides most of the factual content , and it objectively points out the interaction between the BBC and the British government during World War II , including cooperation and struggle , while Chinese literature provides auxiliary information and visual angle interpretation to the study of this thesis . Chapter One introduces the origin , meaning and purpose of the topic , as well as the literature review and the methodology used in the paper . The second chapter introduces the theoretical framework used in this paper , analyzes theoretically the " public media " , and introduces the relationship between public media and government in World War II and its role . The third , fourth and fifth chapters are the main parts of the article . Chapter Three introduces the basic situation of the BBC , including the process and characteristics of its establishment . Chapter Four discusses the interaction between the BBC and the government during World War II . The fifth chapter is the conclusion part . The author concludes that in the second world war , although the BBC has been under some control from the government , it is still trying to stick to its objectivity from the point of view of the public interest , and it is precisely because of this objectivity , finally the BBC and the British government have won the reputation and achieved a win - win situation . In addition , the first - hand English materials and even the second - handed English materials broadcast by the BBC in the Second World War were difficult to obtain , so the domestic media research scholars rarely involved . The innovation of the study was to use a large number of second - handed English materials to restore the true face of the BBC as much as possible , so that people had a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the BBC . However , due to the limited time and ability , especially the lack of the theoretical foundation of historiography , the author can not fully and comprehensively display all the historical details . It is hoped that the future will have the opportunity to continue in depth study .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D856.1;G206

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