十九世紀(jì)中后期歐洲主要國家間關(guān)系的變化與第二國際的變遷
[Abstract]:In the middle and late 19th century, with the development of the industrial revolution, the Western European proletariat also grew and developed, and launched a vigorous campaign against the bourgeoisie. At the same time, with the gradual transition from liberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism, the relations among the major countries in Western Europe have also changed, which has brought many uncertain factors to the international communist movement. According to the theoretical presupposition of Marx and Engels, with the development of capitalism, the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat will be intensified. The external expansion of capitalism involved the whole world in the capitalist system, which made the working class have no motherland and urged "the world proletariat to unite" against capitalism. Therefore, according to Marx and Engels, the international communist movement in the middle and late 19th century should have two outstanding characteristics: first, the proletariat of the whole world unite against the bourgeoisie; second, overthrow the bourgeois regime through violent revolution. However, in Western Europe in the middle and late 19th century, with the changes in relations between major countries, the international communist movement did not advance in accordance with the presupposition of Marx and Engels' theory, but instead appeared the opposite situation. First, the working class downplayed the practice of overthrowing the existing system by revolutionary means, and instead adopted the peaceful way of parliamentary struggle; Secondly, the two irreconcilable classes, the working class and the bourgeoisie, can stand together for the benefit of the nation-state. It mainly includes the following aspects: first, the major European countries have completed reunification, and the hostile relations between the major powers have gradually increased; second, the European balance of power has been gradually broken, and the European international system is characterized by a transition. Third, major European countries formed two major military alliances on the basis of unity. It can be seen that in the middle and late 19th century, on the basis of the unification of the major Western European countries, the imbalance in the political and economic development of various countries was aggravated, and the contradictions between them became more and more acute. Under the interaction of various complicated international relations and inter-state relations, class relations, bourgeois domination strategies and international relations have changed. When World War I broke out, nationalism defeated internationalism, which led the second International to deviate from socialist belief and give up the principle of internationalism. This also led to the disintegration of the second International.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:D14;D85
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