【摘要】：由于朝鮮半島處在一個政治、軍事、價值觀等不同而復(fù)雜的政治板塊之間,獨(dú)特的地理位置和歷史演變更增加了朝鮮半島事態(tài)的動蕩性、復(fù)雜性和敏感性。朝鮮半島問題突出體現(xiàn)在朝核問題和南北統(tǒng)一問題上,它的產(chǎn)生既有歷史原因、冷戰(zhàn)遺留和現(xiàn)實(shí)緣由等因素,同時也是東北亞各國及美朝關(guān)系利益與矛盾斗爭的交匯所在。因此,各方應(yīng)清醒認(rèn)識到,朝鮮半島問題的解決具有相當(dāng)?shù)钠D巨性,絕不可能一蹴而就。朝核問題是當(dāng)前東北亞安全困境的一個縮影,每次危機(jī)事件不僅使得東北亞的安全局勢變得動蕩緊張,而且一再顯現(xiàn)出該地區(qū)安全和政治秩序脆弱不堪的事實(shí)。鑒于朝鮮半島問題的復(fù)雜性,朝鮮作為問題的核心當(dāng)事國之一,而中美又是影響朝鮮半島局勢的關(guān)鍵外來因素,中美朝三國之間的關(guān)系錯綜復(fù)雜。相關(guān)國家任何一個戰(zhàn)略選擇的變化,都會對地區(qū)安全局勢產(chǎn)生重大影響。在對朝政策上,中美兩個對地區(qū)事務(wù)有著重大利益關(guān)切的國家的一舉一動都倍受矚目。本文以外交政策的構(gòu)成要素為理論依據(jù),以中美兩國政府對朝政策的基本立場、主要目標(biāo)、立足之點(diǎn)和重要任務(wù)為事實(shí)基礎(chǔ),通過分析中美在朝鮮半島問題上存在的共同利益和分歧所在,最后指明中美應(yīng)在對朝政策上達(dá)成合作,實(shí)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略共贏。這不僅符合中美兩國的根本利益,也是維護(hù)東北亞乃至亞太地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定與繁榮發(fā)展的重要條件。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)“中國夢”和“兩個一百年”的建設(shè)目標(biāo),就必須營造出一個和平穩(wěn)定的周邊安全環(huán)境。由于國家實(shí)力和影響力的不斷增強(qiáng),中國在處理地區(qū)事務(wù)問題上的重要性也不斷上升。根據(jù)自身利益的優(yōu)先性排序,中國把維護(hù)朝鮮半島和平穩(wěn)定、促使朝鮮棄核以及加強(qiáng)對朝鮮半島的影響力作為主要的利益考慮。而中國的外交行動不可避免的會受到地區(qū)安全的傳統(tǒng)主導(dǎo)國——美國的影響。奧巴馬政府則秉持一貫的對朝敵視立場,依托美日、美韓同盟,爭取多邊力量支持,采取軍事威懾、外交孤立、經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁等手段迫使朝鮮放棄“并行”路線。中美兩國在維護(hù)朝鮮半島穩(wěn)定、實(shí)現(xiàn)半島無核化、防止核擴(kuò)散、和平解決朝核問題上有著廣泛的共同利益,但在追求目標(biāo)優(yōu)先性和側(cè)重點(diǎn)、解決朝核問題的途徑、對朝鮮政權(quán)的態(tài)度、責(zé)任區(qū)分等方面仍存在著巨大的分歧�？梢哉f,中美兩國在朝鮮半島問題上既有著共同利益,又有著利害沖突。這是由崛起國中國與霸權(quán)國美國之間的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾所決定的。現(xiàn)代國際關(guān)系的實(shí)踐證明,“合則兩利,斗則兩敗”。中美兩國如果能在朝鮮半島問題上加強(qiáng)合作,就能推動朝鮮半島局勢向和平、穩(wěn)定、無核化乃至繁榮的方向發(fā)展；反之,中美利益摩擦加劇,相互爭斗,那么朝鮮半島就會出現(xiàn)中美都不愿意見到的混亂局面。中美兩國只有充分了解雙方在朝鮮半島利益的交織點(diǎn)與分歧,才能積極主動地采取措施化險為夷,維持和擴(kuò)大雙方利益的共同點(diǎn),避免競爭性、消極性利益破壞共同性利益。中美應(yīng)在朝鮮半島問題上結(jié)成戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系,這不僅符合兩國的根本利益,也有助于東北亞乃至整個亞太地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定,繁榮與發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Because the Korean Peninsula is in a political, military, values and other different and complex political plate, the unique geographical position and historical evolution of the Korean Peninsula has increased the volatility, complexity and sensitivity of the situation. The Korean nuclear issue is a microcosm of the current security dilemma in Northeast Asia, each crisis event. In view of the complexity of the Korean Peninsula issue, North Korea is one of the core parties to the issue, and China and the United States are the key external factors affecting the situation on the Korean Peninsula. The relationship between China, the United States and the DPRK Any change in the strategic choices of the countries concerned will have a significant impact on the regional security situation. In the policy of the DPRK, the actions and actions of the two countries concerned about regional affairs have attracted much attention. On the basis of facts, this paper analyzes the common interests and differences between China and the United States on the Korean Peninsula issue, and finally points out that China and the United States should cooperate in their policies towards the DPRK to achieve a strategic win-win situation. China must create a peaceful and stable peripheral security environment in order to realize the construction goals of the "China Dream" and "Two Hundred Years". Prioritizing its own interests, China considers maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, prompting North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons and strengthening its influence on the Korean Peninsula as its main interests. China and the United States have broad common interests in maintaining the stability of the Korean peninsula, realizing denuclearization of the peninsula, preventing nuclear proliferation and peacefully resolving the Korean nuclear issue. It can be said that China and the United States have both common interests and conflicts of interest on the Korean Peninsula issue. This is determined by the structural contradiction between the rising power China and the hegemonic power the United States. The practice of international relations has proved that if China and the United States can strengthen cooperation on the Korean Peninsula issue, the situation on the Korean Peninsula will develop towards peace, stability, denuclearization and even prosperity; on the contrary, China and the United States will be reluctant to confront each other because of intensified conflicts of interest and mutual struggle. Only when China and the United States fully understand the intertwined points and differences of their interests on the Korean Peninsula can they take positive and proactive measures to overcome the dangers, maintain and expand the common interests of both sides, avoid competition and destroy the common interests by negative interests. This is not only in line with the fundamental interests of the two countries, but also conducive to peace, stability, prosperity and development in Northeast Asia and the entire Asia-Pacific region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D822.331.25;D871.2

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