本文選題：第三方 + 監(jiān)測��； 參考：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類活動被認為是當今全球氣溫升高的主要原因�！栋屠鑵f(xié)定》目標"將全球平均氣溫較工業(yè)化前水平升高控制在2攝氏度之內(nèi),并為把升溫控制在1.5攝氏度之內(nèi)而努力"。作為繼《京都議定書》之后在聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約(UNFCCC)下達成的第二份全球減排協(xié)定,《巴黎協(xié)定》規(guī)定各國將以自下而上式的"國家自主貢獻"(INDC)的方式參與全球應對氣候變化行動,而不再進行自上而下式的溫室氣體減排量的強制性分配。碳交易作為控制污染的經(jīng)濟手段之一,無疑將在后巴黎協(xié)定時期起到重要作用。在各國提交的國家自主貢獻中,超過一半國家提及將利用或考慮利用市場交易作為實現(xiàn)減排的手段。清潔發(fā)展機制,簡稱 CDM(Clean Development Mechanism),是《京都議定書》中引入的靈活履約機制之一。核心內(nèi)容是允許附件1締約方(即發(fā)達國家)與非附件1(即發(fā)展中國家)進行項目級的減排量抵消額的轉(zhuǎn)讓與獲得,在發(fā)展中國家實施溫室氣體減排項目。歐洲碳排放交易體系(EU—ETS)是當今世界上最大的碳排放交易市場。其建立起初是為了滿足《京都議定書》要求,幫助其成員國履行減排承諾,獲取運用總量交易機制減排溫室氣體的經(jīng)驗。中國預計將在2017年7月正式開啟全國碳市場交易,其市場規(guī)模預計是歐盟碳市場的兩倍。專家認為,碳排放監(jiān)測核算/報告/核查體系(MRV)是確保碳市場的有效運行的核心。雖然有關(guān)碳核查體系的法規(guī)設(shè)計在文獻中最常被提及,在碳排放監(jiān)測核算/報告/核查體系中,筆者認為第三方監(jiān)測核查機構(gòu)的作用最為關(guān)鍵。對于企業(yè)而言,可以獲得多少配額,不僅與正常生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動相關(guān),還與核查機構(gòu)有直接關(guān)系。那么,這些核查是否技術(shù)上專業(yè)、是否態(tài)度上正確、是否時間上允許、是都存在使企業(yè)獲得不合理配額的可能等。針對于對上述情形的擔憂,作者在從2016年11月至2017年2月間對12家第三方監(jiān)測企業(yè)進行了采訪。通過這些采訪,筆者得知了核查工作的實際執(zhí)行情況和執(zhí)行細節(jié),填補了有關(guān)政策手段規(guī)定和實際履約情況之間的空白。由于中國自身的地域、經(jīng)濟、社會客觀條件,建立統(tǒng)一的碳市場將會面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)。如若缺乏統(tǒng)一的管理條例,那么各地區(qū)在具體的實施過程中必將出現(xiàn)極大的差異,中國將難以形成有效的市場。實際履約對自愿性質(zhì)的后巴黎協(xié)定環(huán)境極為重要。對中國,以及其他考慮建立碳交易體系的國家來說,相關(guān)政府部門需要認識到第三方檢測在碳市場中的重要性。政府需要為第三方監(jiān)測定制統(tǒng)一的管理條例,提供法律的保障,讓第三方監(jiān)測在獨立的條件下進行。第三方監(jiān)測企業(yè)通過技術(shù)監(jiān)督和確保碳市場的有效運行。
[Abstract]:Human activities are considered to be the main cause of global warming today. The Paris Accord aims to "limit global average temperatures to within 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels and strive to keep them within 1.5 degrees Celsius". As the second global agreement on emission reduction under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC), following the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement provides for the participation of countries in a bottom-up "nationally owned contribution" manner. The global response to climate change, Instead of the top-down greenhouse gas emissions reduction mandatory allocation. Carbon trading, as one of the economic means to control pollution, will undoubtedly play an important role in the post-Paris era. More than half of the national submissions mentioned the use or consideration of market trading as a means of reducing emissions. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the flexible implementation mechanisms introduced in the Kyoto Protocol. The core is to allow transfer and acquisition of project-level emission offsets between Annex 1 parties (i.e. developed countries) and non-Annex 1 (i.e. developing countries) parties and to implement greenhouse gas emission reduction projects in developing countries. EU-ETS is the largest carbon trading market in the world. It was originally established to meet the Kyoto Protocol requirements, to help its members meet their emission reduction commitments and to gain experience in using the aggregate trading mechanism to reduce greenhouse gases. China is expected to officially open a national carbon market deal in July 2017, which is expected to be twice the size of the EU carbon market. Experts believe that the carbon emissions monitoring accounting / reporting / verification system (MRV) is central to ensuring the effective functioning of the carbon market. Although the regulatory design of the carbon verification system is most frequently mentioned in the literature, in the carbon emission monitoring accounting / reporting / verification system, the author believes that the role of third-party monitoring and verification bodies is the most critical. For enterprises, how many quotas can be obtained is not only related to normal production and operation activities, but also directly related to verification agencies. Therefore, whether these checks are technically professional, correct in attitude, and allowed in time are all possible for enterprises to obtain unreasonable quotas. In response to concerns about the situation, the authors interviewed 12 third-party monitoring companies between November 2016 and February 2017. Through these interviews, the author learned the actual implementation and implementation details of the verification work, and filled the gap between the relevant policy provisions and actual performance. Due to China's own geographical, economic and social objective conditions, the establishment of a unified carbon market will face many challenges. If there is no uniform regulation, there will be great differences in the concrete implementation process, and it will be difficult for China to form an effective market. Practical compliance is essential to a voluntary post-Paris agreement environment. For China and other countries considering a carbon trading system, authorities need to recognize the importance of third-party testing in the carbon market. The government needs to customize uniform regulations for third-party monitoring and provide legal safeguards for third-party monitoring to be carried out under independent conditions. Third-party monitoring companies through technical supervision and to ensure the effective operation of the carbon market.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D815

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 ;Main Timber Legality Verification Schemes in the World[J];Chinese Forestry Science and Technology;2010年03期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 Chan Wai Wong;Chan U Fai;Pun Sio Hang;Vai Mang I;Mak Peng Un;;Flexible Implementation of Front-end Acquisition System for Bio-signal using FPAA[A];中國生物醫(yī)學工程進展——2007中國生物醫(yī)學工程聯(lián)合學術(shù)年會論文集（上冊）[C];2007年

2 ;Real-Time In Vivo Dose Verification for Serial Tomotherapy of Head and Neck Patients[A];中華醫(yī)學會放射腫瘤治療學分會六屆二次暨中國抗癌協(xié)會腫瘤放療專業(yè)委員會二屆二次學術(shù)會議論文集[C];2009年

3 Beong Ik Hur;Dong Wan Kang;Won Ho Cho;Seung Heon Cha;Chang Hwa Choi;Byung Kwan Choi;;Dose verifying system used in Leksell GammaKnife Radiosurgery:Variable Ellipsoid Modeling Technique(VEMT)[A];中國抗癌協(xié)會神經(jīng)腫瘤專業(yè)委員會第八屆學術(shù)會議論文集[C];2011年

4 Zhibo Hou;Guoyong Xiang;Chuanfeng Li;Guangcan Guo;Huangjun Zhu;;Experimental verification of quantum precision limit in adaptive qubit statetomography[A];第十六屆全國量子光學學術(shù)報告會報告摘要集[C];2014年

5 XING Tao;;A general framework for verification and validation of large eddy simulations[A];第十三屆全國水動力學學術(shù)會議暨第二十六屆全國水動力學研討會論文集——A大會報告[C];2014年

6 Xiu-Mei WANG;Shun-Min HE;Ying LIU;Ren-Sheng CHEN;Rong-Qiao HE;;The verification of predicted noncoding RNA and the role on the cell proliferation of neural plate in Xenopus[A];中國神經(jīng)科學學會第十屆全國學術(shù)會議論文摘要集[C];2013年

7 ;Arinc429 Bus-based Multi-Dsp,Fpga Component Program Serial Load[A];Information Technology and Computer Science—Proceedings of 2012 National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science[C];2012年

8 ;PCR tools for the verification of the specific identity of tapeworm from dogs[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學會家畜寄生蟲學分會第六次代表大會暨第十次學術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2009年

9 ;RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ON-LINE FAULT DIAGNOSIS EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE CHEMICAL PROCESS[A];2006年中國機械工程學會年會暨中國工程院機械與運載工程學部首屆年會論文集[C];2006年

10 吳宜燦;宋鋼;曹瑞芬;吳愛東;程夢云;湯正道;李貴;景佳;劉慧;李佳;蘭海洋;孟耀;鄭華慶;金雛鳳;曾勤;鄭善良;黃群英;吳李君;李國麗;林輝;陶聲祥;施常備;;Development of Accurate/Advanced Radiotherapy Treatment Planning and Quality Assurance System(ARTS)[A];第十二屆反應堆數(shù)值計算與粒子輸運學術(shù)會議論文集[C];2008年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 劉暢;論第三方監(jiān)測在建立有效排放交易機制中的重要性[D];南京大學;2017年

2 維克多（Nshunguyimfura Victor）;基于斷言的AMBER處理器驗證[D];北京理工大學;2014年

，

本文編號：2013738