本文選題：全球衛(wèi)生 + 全球衛(wèi)生外交　； 參考：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)以來,隨著非典型肺炎(SARS)、甲流(H1N1)、埃博拉(Ebola)等傳染病在全球范圍內(nèi)的爆發(fā),衛(wèi)生問題逐漸成為國際社會的焦點之一。作為已有50余年對外衛(wèi)生援助歷史的大國以及負(fù)責(zé)任的世界第二大經(jīng)濟體,中國在全球衛(wèi)生外交領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展無疑有著重要的作用。進入21世紀(jì),中國的衛(wèi)生外交從單邊和雙邊為主的模式向多邊方式不斷擴展,已經(jīng)成為了中國外交中不可或缺的一部分。然而,與西方發(fā)達國家相比,中國的全球衛(wèi)生外交還處于起步階段,在理念、制度、管理、人才培養(yǎng)等方面仍然具有較大的進步空間。2014年西非埃博拉疫情是一個標(biāo)志性的全球公共衛(wèi)生事件。對比中美兩國在此輪埃博拉疫情中和疫情后的應(yīng)對行為能夠衡量比對兩國全球衛(wèi)生外交能力。本文從衛(wèi)生外交戰(zhàn)略、機制、方式和綜合國力角度,選擇在全球衛(wèi)生舞臺上的新新援助國中國和傳統(tǒng)援助國美國進行對比,能夠有助于中國從美國的衛(wèi)生外交發(fā)展歷程中汲取經(jīng)驗,從而為中國定位自已"新型援助國"形象和建立"中國衛(wèi)生外交模式"提供發(fā)展建議。在大多數(shù)現(xiàn)存研究著重宏觀理論和政策的分析時,本文兼并對具體實踐的梳理,以期將理論與實踐相結(jié)合進行研究。此外,在現(xiàn)存埃博拉案例分析的研究大多將重心放在埃博拉爆發(fā)時期的全球衛(wèi)生外交行為時,筆者結(jié)合疫情爆發(fā)中的應(yīng)對和爆發(fā)后的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)重建,以更全面的分析埃博拉疫情應(yīng)對行為。經(jīng)對比,在衛(wèi)生外交戰(zhàn)略方面,美國早在1994年就將傳染病防控納入《國家安全戰(zhàn)略》中,并在之后多次進行完善和強化。中國到目前為止尚無國家全球衛(wèi)生發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。在援非抗擊埃博拉疫情中,中國對每輪援助均制定了對應(yīng)的援助規(guī)劃,但是并未發(fā)布整體的援非抗疫戰(zhàn)略。美國則在2014年9月就由其總統(tǒng)宣布了應(yīng)急響應(yīng)措施,指導(dǎo)其整體的援非抗擊埃博拉行動。在衛(wèi)生外交機制方面,中國由于歷史發(fā)展原因,援非抗擊埃博拉事務(wù)由商務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé),衛(wèi)生部僅作為業(yè)務(wù)部門參與管理,且尚無類似美國發(fā)展署(USAID)這樣的機構(gòu)總協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展項目,因此面臨跨部門協(xié)作的壁壘。在衛(wèi)生外交方式方面,中美兩國都根據(jù)自身利益需求,靈活通過多邊和雙邊方式開展全球衛(wèi)生合作。然而,美國能夠更充分的利用本國非政府組織以配合其衛(wèi)生外交戰(zhàn)略的實施,而目前中國的非政府組織的作用非常有限。在衛(wèi)生外交綜合能力方面,美國的實驗室數(shù)目這一傳染病防控核心指標(biāo)多過中國。在援非抗擊埃博拉疫情中,國際社會共投入了 26個移動實驗室,其中9個來自美國,而中國只在塞拉利昂修建了一個固定實驗室。在衛(wèi)生外交人才培養(yǎng)這一應(yīng)對能力的軟實力方面,中國衛(wèi)生外交人才培養(yǎng)起步較晚,2009年才聯(lián)合外方開啟第一個培訓(xùn)班。在對比和分析中美兩國在2014年西非埃博拉疫情應(yīng)對行為的基礎(chǔ)上,本文為中國全球衛(wèi)生外交發(fā)展提出了六點發(fā)展建議。第一,中國應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快制定"中國全球衛(wèi)生戰(zhàn)略"。第二,中國應(yīng)加強衛(wèi)生部門在衛(wèi)生外交領(lǐng)域的話語權(quán),實質(zhì)性強化衛(wèi)生外交的跨部門合作,并積極考慮成立專門的對外援助機構(gòu)。第三,中國應(yīng)當(dāng)探索出符合國情的非政府組織參與全球衛(wèi)生治理模式。第四,中國應(yīng)當(dāng)提煉總結(jié)自身衛(wèi)生發(fā)展經(jīng)驗,以非傳統(tǒng)援助國形象提出全球衛(wèi)生治理的"中國建議"。第五,中國應(yīng)該在國際場合更多承擔(dān)大國責(zé)任,在全球公共衛(wèi)生治理認(rèn)捐和國際特大自然災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救治等事務(wù)上進一步獻力獻策。第六,中國應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快建立完善的衛(wèi)生外交人才培養(yǎng)體制,組建衛(wèi)生外交人才實習(xí)培養(yǎng)平臺。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, with the outbreak of SARS, H1N1, Ebora (Ebola) and other infectious diseases around the world, health problems have gradually become one of the focus of the international community. As a big country with the history of foreign health assistance for more than 50 years and the second largest economy in the responsible world, China has been in the global health diplomacy field. China's health diplomacy has become an indispensable part of China's diplomacy in twenty-first Century. China's health diplomacy has become an indispensable part of China's diplomacy. However, compared with developed countries in the west, China's global health diplomacy is still in its infancy, in concept, system, management, and talent. In.2014, the West African Ebola epidemic is a landmark global public health event. Compared to China and the United States in this round of Ebola and after the epidemic, the response of the two countries can be measured and compared to the two countries' global health diplomacy ability. This article from the health diplomacy strategy, mechanism, mode and comprehensive country. The contrast between China and the United States of the traditional aid countries on the global health stage can help China draw lessons from the development of health diplomacy in the United States, so as to provide a development proposal for China to locate its "new aid country" image and to establish a "Chinese health student diplomatic model". Focusing on the analysis of macro theory and policy, this paper combs the specific practice in order to combine theory with practice. In addition, most of the existing Ebola case studies will focus on the global health diplomacy during the outbreak of Ebola, and the author combines the response and the outbreak of the outbreak in the outbreak of the health diplomacy. By contrast, in the health diplomacy strategy, the United States had incorporated infectious disease prevention and control into the national security strategy in 1994 and had been improved and strengthened many times in the aftermath of the 1994. In the situation, China developed a corresponding aid plan for each round of aid, but it did not release the overall anti epidemic strategy. In September 2014, the United States announced the emergency response measures by its president to guide its overall assistance to anti Ebola action. In the health diplomacy mechanism, China helped non abbo because of historical development. The Ministry of commerce is responsible for the affairs of the Ministry of Commerce. The Ministry of health is only involved in management as a business sector, and there is no general coordinated development project like the United States Development Agency (USAID), and therefore faces barriers to cross sectoral collaboration. In the way of health diplomacy, both China and the United States are flexible through multilateral and bilateral ways to carry out global security in accordance with their own interests. However, the United States is able to make more full use of national non-governmental organizations to cooperate with its health diplomacy strategy, while the role of non-governmental organizations in China is very limited. In terms of comprehensive health diplomacy, the number of laboratories in the United States is more than China's core indicators of infectious disease prevention and control. The international community has invested 26 mobile laboratories, of which 9 are from the United States and China has built only a fixed laboratory in Sierra Leone. In terms of the soft power of health diplomats to cultivate this ability, Chinese health diplomats started a late start in 2009. In 2009, the first training class was opened by the foreign side. Based on the analysis of China and the United States' response to the Ebola epidemic in 2014, this paper puts forward six suggestions for the development of China's global health diplomacy. First, China should formulate a "China global health strategy" as soon as possible. Second, China should strengthen the voice of the health sector in the field of sanitation and strengthen health diplomacy substantially. Cross sectoral cooperation, and actively consider the establishment of special foreign aid agencies. Third, China should explore the participation of non-governmental organizations in line with national conditions to participate in the global health governance model. Fourth, China should refine and summarize its own health development experience, and put forward the "China proposal" for the whole ball health management with the image of non-traditional donors. Fifth, China should In the international situation, more responsibilities are undertaken by the great powers, and further efforts are made in the global public health governance pledges and the emergency treatment of international catastrophic natural disasters. Sixth, China should establish a perfect health diplomacy training system as soon as possible and set up an internship training platform for health diplomats.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R512.8;D822.3;D871.2

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 徐彤武;;全球衛(wèi)生:國家實力、現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn)與中國發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略[J];國際政治研究;2016年03期

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本文編號：1831473