本文選題：新日美安全保障體制　切入點：日本普通國家化　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟實力顯著提升的前提下,日本提出要實現(xiàn)"普通國家化"。鑒于日美兩國的同盟關系,有必要研究美國在日本"普通國家化"進程中扮演何種角色。本文在詳細闡釋日本"普通國家化"和日美安全保障體制后,借助相關聯(lián)盟理論著重分析了兩者之間的關系。本文認為新日美安全保障體制對日本"普通國家化"既有促進作用,也有阻礙作用。雖然新日美安全保障體制對日本"普通國家化"有負面影響,但是短時內(nèi),日本不可能突破這一體制。這意味著日本短期內(nèi)不可能真正實現(xiàn)"普通國家化"。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結束之初,美國對日本實施了"非軍事化"措施,使得日本成為"非普通化"的國家。隨后,為了滿足戰(zhàn)略需要,美國與日本簽訂《舊金山和約》以及《美日安全條約》,形成日美安全保障體制。依據(jù)日美安全保障體制,美國承擔了日本的主要防衛(wèi)責任,擁有利用日本軍事基地和設施的便利;日本則是在美國軍事保護傘下,集中全力恢復和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,同時建立警察預備隊、海上警備隊等,為日本的"普通國家化"作了鋪墊。日本于20世紀90年代正式提出"普通國家化"。"普通國家化"有著深厚的歷史淵源,融合了"新保守主義"和"新國家主義"的思想傳統(tǒng),而且結合了20世紀90年代日本的社會現(xiàn)實。"普通國家" 一詞看似簡單,內(nèi)涵卻十分豐富。廣義來說,"普通國家"就是一個政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、社會等各方面實力均衡發(fā)展的國家。而狹義的解釋針對的是國家的軍事實力。鑒于本文論述的重點是日本軍事發(fā)展受限的事實,文章對"普通國家化"的分析將集中在日本的軍事方面。"普通國家"還具有深層含義,即"自主化"、"平等化"和"大國化"。日本"普通國家化"的實踐有修改憲法、轉(zhuǎn)變防衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)略、發(fā)展自衛(wèi)隊等。新日美安全保障體制的形成,反映了日本對"普通國家化"的追求和美國安全思維的回歸。20世紀90年代,國際環(huán)境相對二戰(zhàn)結束初期發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,尤其是蘇聯(lián)解體,共產(chǎn)主義陣營瓦解,對日美安全保障體制產(chǎn)生了巨大的沖擊。在日美安全保障體制的幫助下,日本的整體實力得到大幅提升。相反,美國的相對實力卻有所下降。這種實力逆轉(zhuǎn)使得美國運用"經(jīng)濟優(yōu)先"思維思考兩國安全關系。在"普通國家化"戰(zhàn)略的影響下,日本對日美安全保障也產(chǎn)生了諸多質(zhì)疑。日美兩國在經(jīng)過了各自的戰(zhàn)略混亂期以后,最終就形成新日美安全保障體制達成了統(tǒng)一意見。兩國于1996年共同發(fā)表《美日安全保障聯(lián)合宣言》,建立了新日美安全保障體制。新日美安全保障體制與1951年日美安全保障體制的不同實際上體現(xiàn)了日本"普通國家"化的要求。根據(jù)聯(lián)盟理論,新日美安全保障體制對日本"普通國家化"的作用具有兩面性。通過分析聯(lián)盟理論中的"追隨"概念以及聯(lián)盟的作用,可以得出新日美安全保障體制促進了日本"普通國家化"的結論。新日美安全保障體制的形成符合日本"普通國家化"的需要,是此戰(zhàn)略的應有之義。在當時的國際和國內(nèi)環(huán)境下,新日美安全保障體制為日本實現(xiàn)"普通國家化"提供了重要平臺。與此同時,新日美安全保障體制也為日本"普通國家化"創(chuàng)造了有利的外部環(huán)境。從結果來看,依靠新日美安全保障體制,日本大力發(fā)展了軍事,在"平等化"、"大國化"方面取得了進展。但是,根據(jù)"聯(lián)盟困境理論"等,新日美安全保障體制也表現(xiàn)出了對日本"普通國家化"的阻礙作用。通過新日美安全保障體制,美國增強了日本對日美聯(lián)盟的依賴度,延緩了日本"普通國家化"的進程。美國還利用新日美安全保障體制規(guī)范日本"普通國家化"的方向,例如抑制日本的自主防衛(wèi)傾向等。雖然美國對日本作出了一些讓步,幫助日本在"普通國家化"方面達成了一定目標,但是這并不代表美國真正支持日本"普通國家化"。美國只是為了維持聯(lián)盟的存續(xù),將日本控制在聯(lián)盟之內(nèi)。而且,因為新日美安全保障體制的存在,日本面臨著"被牽連"的風險,不利于日本實現(xiàn)"自由化"。雖然新日美安全保障體制阻礙日本"普通國家化"的實現(xiàn),但是短期內(nèi),日本不可能進行自主防衛(wèi),仍然需要依靠新日美安全保障體制保衛(wèi)國家安全。同時,日本也需要借助新日美安全保障體制,逐步實現(xiàn)"普通國家化"。換言之,日本難以真正實現(xiàn)"普通國家化"。
[Abstract]:The premise of a significant increase in the economic strength of Japan, put forward to achieve the "ordinary country". In view of the Japan US alliance between the two countries, it is necessary to study the United States in the process of Japan's "ordinary country" role. Based on the detailed interpretation of "ordinary country" of Japan and the Japanese American security system, with the help of related alliance the theory focuses on the analysis of the relationship between the two. This paper argues that the new Japan US security system of Japan "ordinary country" can not only promote, also hinders. Although the new Japan US security system has a negative impact on Japan "ordinary country", but in a short time, it is impossible for Japan to break through this system. This means Japan in the short term can not really realize the "ordinary country". The end of the Second World War the United States at the beginning of the implementation of the "non military" measures against Japan, making Japan's "non ordinary" countries. Then, for To meet the strategic needs, the United States and Japan signed the Treaty of San Francisco < > and < > the U.S. - Japan Security Treaty, the formation of the Japan US security system. On the basis of the Japan US security system, the United States bear the main responsibility for Japan's defense, with the use of military bases in Japan and Japan facilities; is in the United States military umbrella, to concentrate the economic recovery and development, and establish the police reserve, Marine Patrol Force, which paves the way for "ordinary country" of Japan. Japan formally proposed the "ordinary country" in 1990s. The "ordinary country" has a profound historical origin, the fusion of the "new conservatism" and "New Nationalism" the traditional ideas, and combined with the 1990s Japanese social reality. The "ordinary country" the word seems simple, connotation is very rich. In general, the "ordinary country" is a political, economic, military, social and other The development of the country. The balance of power and narrow interpretation for the country's military strength. In view of the focus of this paper is the development of Japan's military restricted military facts, based on the analysis of "ordinary country" will be concentrated in Japan. "Ordinary country" has deep meanings, namely "autonomy", "equality" and "power". The practice of Japan "ordinary country" is to amend the constitution, change the defense strategy, the development of the SDF. The formation of the new Japan US security system, reflecting the Japanese for "ordinary country" and the pursuit of national security thinking regression.20 Century 90s, the international environment is relatively the end of the Second World War happened to turn the world upside down changes early, especially the disintegration of the Soviet Union, communism collapsed, has had a huge impact on the Japan US security system. In Japan America security guarantee system under the help of the overall strength of the Japanese get big Increase. On the contrary, the relative strength of the United States has declined. The strength of this reversal makes us use of "economic priority" thinking of security relations between the two countries. In the influence of "ordinary country" strategy, Japan Japan US security also have a lot of questions. Japan and the United States after the chaos of their strategy, finally we reached a consensus to form a new Japan US security system. The two countries in 1996 jointly issued the "US Japan security joint declaration", the establishment of a new Japan US security system. The new Japan US security system and the 1951 Japan US security system the difference actually reflects Japan "ordinary country". According to the requirements of the new alliance theory. The Japan US security system of Japan "ordinary country" has two sides. Through the analysis of alliance theory in "follow" concept and role of the alliance, can come to new Japan Safety and security system to promote Japan "ordinary country". The conclusion is the formation of new Japan US security system to meet the needs of Japan "ordinary country", is the proper meaning of this strategy. At the time of the domestic and international environment, the new Japan US security system for Japan to realize "ordinary country" provides an important platform. At the same time, to create a favorable external environment for new Japan US security system for Japan "ordinary country". From the results, relying on the new Japan US security system, vigorously develop the military, in the "equality", "power" has made progress. However, according to the "alliance dilemma theory" so, the new Japan US security system also showed a negative effect on Japan "ordinary country". The new Japan US security system, the United States Japan alliance to enhance the dependence, delaying the Japanese "ordinary country". The United States also use the new code. The Japan US security system in Japan "ordinary country" direction, such as inhibition of Japan's self-defense tendency. Although the United States has made some concessions to Japan, Japan to help in the aspect of "ordinary country" to reach a certain goal, but this does not mean that the United States really support Japan "ordinary country" the United States. Just to maintain the alliance will exist, Japan's control in the league. But, because of the new Japan US security system, Japan faces a risk of being implicated, is not conducive to the realization of Japan "liberalization". Although the new Japan US security system hinder Japan "ordinary country". But in the short term, Japan can not self defense, still need to rely on the new Japan US security system to safeguard national security. At the same time, Japan also needs the help of the new Japan US security system, and gradually achieve the "ordinary country In other words, it is difficult for Japan to truly realize "general nationalization".

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D871.2;D831.3

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