本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海上通道 戰(zhàn)后日本 安全保障 日美同盟 海上自衛(wèi)隊　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后,基于本國的自然和人力資源稟賦,日本確立了外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式。該發(fā)展模式通過海上通道將日本與海外資源產(chǎn)地和消費市場連接起來,因此海上通道的安全就成為關(guān)系到日本經(jīng)濟安全和國家穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵因素。同時,鑒于二戰(zhàn)中完全失敗的海上通道政策及其影響,因此戰(zhàn)后的日本政府必須采取適當(dāng)?shù)恼咭源_保海上通道的安全。本文即以戰(zhàn)后日本的海上通道政策為對象展開研究。戰(zhàn)后日本海上通道政策的制定,一方面基于其客觀的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)和歷史經(jīng)驗,另一方面海權(quán)理論、邊緣地帶理論和“海洋國家構(gòu)想”也提供了相應(yīng)的思想基礎(chǔ)。一般而言影響海上通道安全的因素主要包括兩部分,即以通道沿線國家的單方面海上控制為代表的國家行為體威脅和以海盜為代表的非國家行為體的安全威脅。冷戰(zhàn)時期,日本海上通道安全的主要威脅源為蘇聯(lián)海軍。冷戰(zhàn)初期,基于日本自身防衛(wèi)力狀況和安保需求,海上通道政策發(fā)軔,但至1954年日本的海上通道安保幾乎完全依賴于美軍。1954年海上自衛(wèi)隊正式創(chuàng)建,日本正式開始負(fù)責(zé)本國近海海域海上通道的安保。隨著海上防衛(wèi)力的提升,日本逐漸形成了以反潛護航為基本內(nèi)容的海上通道防衛(wèi)思想。到1976年,第四次防衛(wèi)力整備計劃結(jié)束之際,海上自衛(wèi)隊確立了遠(yuǎn)洋反潛護航和近海防御相結(jié)合的作戰(zhàn)體制。隨后,在經(jīng)歷了短暫的政策徘徊期后,最終在1981年正式建立了帶有一定防衛(wèi)自主性的“分段護航”日美合作型海上通道政策。冷戰(zhàn)后,日本的海上通道安保延續(xù)了冷戰(zhàn)時期的基本格局,即以日美同盟為基本框架,美國提供遠(yuǎn)距離海上通道的安保,同時日本負(fù)責(zé)本土周邊海域的海上通道安保。但是盡管如此,在日本國內(nèi)的“普通國家論”、日美同盟再定義、中國海軍活動與全球不安定因素增多等事態(tài)的共同推動下,冷戰(zhàn)后的日本海上通道政策仍然發(fā)生了重要的量變。這種量變在本質(zhì)上反映了冷戰(zhàn)后的海上通道政策中,日本防衛(wèi)自主性的進一步提高。冷戰(zhàn)后,日本政府有關(guān)海上通道政策的表述寓于相關(guān)的海洋法制和安保法制當(dāng)中。在厘清了日本政府的相關(guān)表述之后,本文從基于海上通道安保的對外合作和冷戰(zhàn)后海上通道政策中軍事力的運用這兩個方面,對冷戰(zhàn)后海上通道政策的具體內(nèi)容進行解析。冷戰(zhàn)后日本的海上通道政策在總體上呈現(xiàn)出了擴張性強和富于海陸對抗性的特征。該政策對于日本國內(nèi)政治產(chǎn)生了重要的反作用,尤其是推動了安保法制的變革,在2016年3月29日新安保法案開始實施之后,該政策的“擴張性”和“海陸對抗性”這兩個特征更為突顯。此外,該政策進一步推動了日美同盟朝向?qū)Φ韧说姆较虬l(fā)展,并會加速海洋國家聯(lián)盟的形成。該政策對于日本西南海上通道沿線的東南亞國家和印度的海上安保產(chǎn)生了積極影響,相反對于中國則具有消極意義。
[Abstract]:After World War II, Japan established an export-oriented economic development model based on its natural and human resource endowment. Therefore, the safety of maritime passage has become a key factor related to Japan's economic security and national stability. At the same time, in view of the complete failure of the maritime passage policy during World War II and its impact, Therefore, the postwar Japanese government must adopt appropriate policies to ensure the safety of maritime passage. On the one hand, based on its objective economic basis and historical experience, on the other hand, The marginal zone theory and the Marine State Conception also provide a corresponding ideological basis. Generally speaking, the factors that affect the safety of maritime passage mainly consist of two parts. That is, the threat of state actors represented by unilateral maritime control of countries along the channel and the security threats of non-State actors represented by pirates. During the Cold War, the main source of threat to the security of Japan's maritime channels was the Soviet Navy. Based on Japan's self-defense and security requirements, the maritime passage policy was initiated, but by 1954 Japan's maritime passage security was almost entirely dependent on the US military. In 1954, the Maritime Self-Defense Force was formally established. Japan officially began to take charge of the security of maritime passage in its offshore waters. With the enhancement of maritime defense capability, Japan gradually formed the maritime channel defense thought with anti-submarine escort as its basic content. By 1976, At the end of the 4th defense readiness plan, the Maritime Self-Defense Forces established a combined combat system of ocean-going anti-submarine escort and offshore defense. Then, after a brief policy hovering period, Finally, in 1981, the Japan-US cooperative sea passage policy of "segmented escort" with certain self-defense autonomy was formally established. After the Cold War, Japan's maritime passage security continued the basic pattern of the Cold War period, that is, taking the Japan-US alliance as the basic framework. The United States provides security for long-distance maritime passage, while Japan is responsible for maritime passage security in the waters surrounding the mainland. However, in Japan's domestic "common state theory," the Japan-US alliance redefines it. Driven by events such as China's naval activities and the increase in global instability, Japan's maritime passage policy after the Cold War has still undergone important quantitative changes. This quantitative change essentially reflects the post-Cold War maritime passage policy. Japan's defense autonomy has been further enhanced. After the Cold War, the Japanese government's policy on maritime passage was expressed in the relevant maritime and security legal systems. After clarifying the Japanese government's relevant statements, This paper focuses on the two aspects of foreign cooperation based on maritime channel security and the use of military force in the post-Cold War maritime passage policy. The specific contents of the post-Cold War maritime passage policy are analyzed. Japan's maritime passage policy after the cold war has taken on the characteristics of strong expansibility and land and sea antagonism in general. This policy has produced an important reaction to Japan's domestic politics. In particular, the reform of the security rule of law has been promoted. After the implementation of the new security act in March 29th 2016, the policy's "expansibility" and "sea and land adversarial" features have become even more prominent. The policy has further pushed the Japan-US alliance in the direction of a reciprocal alliance and will accelerate the formation of an alliance of maritime nations. The policy has had a positive impact on maritime security in Southeast Asian countries and India along Japan's southwestern maritime corridor. China, on the other hand, has negative implications.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D831.3
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本文編號：1538888