【摘要】：本文利用制造業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)并運(yùn)用DEA方法測算了中國微觀層面的企業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率,并以市場集中和空間集聚為切入點(diǎn)實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了關(guān)于產(chǎn)能過剩的兩類理論觀點(diǎn):投資潮涌和市場涌入導(dǎo)致市場分散和產(chǎn)能過剩的"發(fā)展階段說";地方政府競相促進(jìn)投資導(dǎo)致重復(fù)建設(shè)和產(chǎn)能過剩的"地方政府說"。測算結(jié)果顯示,中國制造業(yè)企業(yè)的平均產(chǎn)能利用率不到70%且在研究期間內(nèi)逐年下降。從內(nèi)部看,主要是大企業(yè)與小企業(yè)之間的產(chǎn)能利用率差異較大,前者往往高出30個百分點(diǎn),而行業(yè)、地區(qū)和所有制類型之間雖有差異但均在10個百分點(diǎn)以內(nèi)。實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)表明,市場集中度和企業(yè)規(guī)模、空間基尼系數(shù)和政府補(bǔ)貼各自與企業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率均顯著正相關(guān),但對雙方同時檢驗(yàn)時后兩者的顯著性和系數(shù)很不穩(wěn)定。這意味著市場過于分散、企業(yè)規(guī)模過小是全球金融危機(jī)前中國經(jīng)濟(jì)中出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能過�，F(xiàn)象的主導(dǎo)因素,而地方政府的重復(fù)性產(chǎn)業(yè)建設(shè)則通過影響市場分散和企業(yè)規(guī)模發(fā)揮作用。換句話說,在導(dǎo)致市場分散、企業(yè)規(guī)模較小的投資潮涌和市場涌入的推動因素之中,由地方政府所主導(dǎo)的重復(fù)且分散于各地的同構(gòu)性產(chǎn)業(yè)建設(shè)便是其中之一。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the data of manufacturing enterprises and uses the DEA method to calculate the utilization rate of the enterprise capacity at the micro level of China, and the two kinds of theoretical points on the excess capacity are verified by using the market concentration and the space cluster as the starting point. The influx of investment and the influx of markets led to the "development stage theory" of market fragmentation and overcapacity; local governments are scrambling to promote investment in the "local government theory" of repeated construction and overcapacity. The results show that the average production capacity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is less than 70% and is decreasing year by year in the research period. From the inside, the difference of capacity utilization between large enterprises and small enterprises is relatively large, the former tends to be 30 percentage points higher, while the difference between the industry, the region and the ownership type is within 10 percentage points. The empirical test shows that the market concentration and the size of the enterprise, the space-based Nini coefficient and the government subsidy are all positively related to the utilization rate of the enterprise, but the significance and the coefficient of both the market concentration and the enterprise scale are not stable at the same time. This means that the market is too dispersed, and the small size of the enterprise is the leading factor of the overcapacity in the Chinese economy before the global financial crisis, while the local government's repetitive industrial construction plays a role in influencing the distribution of the market and the size of the enterprise. In other words, among the driving factors that lead to the market dispersion, the small-scale investment in the enterprise and the influx of the market, the construction of the homogeneous industry led by the local government and scattered all over the country is one of them.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)博士后流動站;銀監(jiān)會博士后工作站;南開大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家留學(xué)基金 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金資助項(xiàng)目(NKZXA1402)的資助
【分類號】：F424

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