發(fā)布時間：2019-05-29 17:18

【摘要】：我國是世界上重要的海洋大國,大陸海岸線長達(dá)18000多千米,廣闊無垠的海洋中蘊(yùn)含著豐富的資源,21世紀(jì)是海洋世紀(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)海洋信息化是時代的要求,海洋互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)海洋管理信息化的基礎(chǔ),因此積極發(fā)展海洋互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)有著重要而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。目前,海洋上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信遠(yuǎn)不如陸地發(fā)達(dá),在缺乏基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,自然環(huán)境惡劣的情況下,除衛(wèi)星通信外,在海上要接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往比較困難,海洋上的船舶之間依靠相遇機(jī)會,可能完成通信。機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往不依賴于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,不存在貫穿始終的端到端連接,通過節(jié)點(diǎn)移動帶來的相遇機(jī)會進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。本文針對海洋環(huán)境特點(diǎn),將機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用于海洋互聯(lián)網(wǎng),結(jié)合船舶的運(yùn)動特征,展開對船舶機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其路由的研究。由于海洋面積大,船舶(通訊節(jié)點(diǎn))分布稀且不均勻,造成船與船相遇通信的概率相對較低,并且沒有專門的船舶機(jī)會網(wǎng)路由,傳統(tǒng)協(xié)議性能不高�；谝陨蠁栴},根據(jù)船舶航行速度較慢,障礙物少,有固定的航道,船舶位置可預(yù)測等相關(guān)特征,結(jié)合海洋上船舶機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)出一種基于位置信息的船舶機(jī)會網(wǎng)路由協(xié)議,提高了海洋上船舶之間通信的可能性和組網(wǎng)后的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能。本文的工作主要包括以下幾個方面:(1)對機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了介紹,分析了船舶機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn),指出了現(xiàn)有的機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由的不足之處;(2)對機(jī)會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性評價指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了分析,構(gòu)建了一整套系統(tǒng)的連通性度量方案,通過計(jì)算路由探測包的收發(fā)比來分析整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能,在仿真平臺上進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證;(3)根據(jù)海洋環(huán)境特點(diǎn)和船舶移動特性,利用衛(wèi)星定位獲取船舶位置信息,AIS獲取航向方向及速度,結(jié)合拉格朗日多項(xiàng)式插值算法預(yù)測下一個時間點(diǎn)的船舶位置,提出了一種船舶位置預(yù)測的方案;(4)分析了經(jīng)典機(jī)會路由協(xié)議的缺點(diǎn),對Spray and wait協(xié)議進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),引入船舶的位置信息,結(jié)合上述的位置預(yù)測算法,設(shè)計(jì)出新的路由協(xié)議,提高了路由收斂速度,在一定程度上提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能;(5)依據(jù)真實(shí)的航道,建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,進(jìn)行仿真,對實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行具體的分析和說明。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)典機(jī)會路由協(xié)議相比,本文所提出的算法在數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸成功率方面有明顯提高,路由收斂時間減少,路由開銷降低;另一方面,在海洋場景下,以探測包的收發(fā)比為度量,參照原來的協(xié)議,改進(jìn)后的P-SAW協(xié)議在連通性方面有較大的改善。
[Abstract]:China is an important marine power in the world, the coastline of the mainland is more than 18000 kilometers long, and the vast ocean contains rich resources. The 21st century is the marine century, and the realization of marine informatization is the requirement of the times. Marine Internet is the basis of realizing ocean management informatization, so it is of great and far-reaching significance to actively develop marine Internet technology. At present, the network communication on the sea is far less developed than that on land. In the absence of infrastructure and the harsh natural environment, in addition to satellite communication, it is often difficult to access the Internet at sea, and ships on the sea rely on the opportunity to meet. Communication may be completed. Opportunity network often does not rely on infrastructure, there is no end-to-end connection throughout the process, and data forwarding is carried out through the encounter opportunity brought by node movement. In this paper, the opportunity network is applied to the marine Internet according to the characteristics of the marine environment, and the research on the ship opportunity network and its routing is carried out according to the motion characteristics of the ship. Because of the large ocean area and the sparse and uneven distribution of the ship (communication node), the probability of communication between the ship and the ship is relatively low, and there is no special ship opportunity network routing, and the performance of the traditional protocol is not high. Based on the above problems, according to the characteristics of slow navigation speed, few obstacles, fixed waterway, predictable ship position and so on, combined with the characteristics of marine ship opportunity network, A ship opportunity network routing protocol based on location information is designed, which improves the possibility of communication between ships on the sea and the network performance after networking. The work of this paper mainly includes the following aspects: (1) the opportunity network is introduced, the characteristics of ship opportunity network are analyzed, and the shortcomings of the existing opportunity network routing are pointed out. (2) the connectivity evaluation index of opportunity network is analyzed, and a set of system connectivity measurement scheme is constructed. the performance of the whole network is analyzed by calculating the transceiver ratio of routing detection packets, and verified on the simulation platform. (3) according to the characteristics of marine environment and ship movement, the ship position information is obtained by satellite positioning, the heading direction and speed are obtained by AIS, and the ship position at the next time point is predicted by Lagrangian polynomial interpolation algorithm. A scheme of ship position prediction is proposed. (4) the shortcomings of the classical opportunity routing protocol are analyzed, the Spray and wait protocol is improved, the position information of the ship is introduced, and a new routing protocol is designed according to the above location prediction algorithm, which improves the convergence speed of the route. To a certain extent, the network performance is improved. (5) according to the real waterway, the network model is established, the simulation is carried out, and the experimental data are analyzed and explained concretely. The experimental results show that compared with the existing classical opportunity routing protocols, the proposed algorithm improves the success rate of packet transmission, reduces the routing convergence time and reduces the routing overhead. On the other hand, in the ocean scene, the improved P-SAW protocol has a great improvement in connectivity by taking the receiving and sending ratio of the detection packet as a measure and referring to the original protocol.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5

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本文編號：2488081