【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代移動(dòng)通信如3G、LTE、WiFi、UWB等飛速發(fā)展,寬帶單向性天線的研究變得炙手可熱。通常要求天線具有寬頻帶和更好的定向輻射特性,較低的交叉極化,在工作頻帶內(nèi)還要有穩(wěn)定的增益和較好的方向圖,能盡量降低成本且具有低輪廓的特點(diǎn)。磁電偶極子天線是2006年由Luk提出的天線結(jié)構(gòu),其目標(biāo)就是設(shè)計(jì)一款頻率特性穩(wěn)定同時(shí)能抑制后瓣輻射的寬帶天線,這種新型天線形式能夠取得43.8%的相對帶寬,在工作頻帶內(nèi)增益圍繞8dBi小范圍波動(dòng),能有效降低交叉極化,在E面和H面能有對稱的方向圖且在工作頻帶內(nèi)比較穩(wěn)定。本文的主要工作正是基于Luk的磁電偶極子原理和模型進(jìn)行展開的,本文首先提出了一種E型貼片磁電偶極子天線來進(jìn)一步展寬帶寬,繼而設(shè)計(jì)了平面印刷磁電偶極子天線和加載磁電偶極子的十字交叉振子天線和改進(jìn)的十字交叉振子天線。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1、提出了一種E型寬帶磁電偶極子天線。天線采用了階梯狀饋線并對垂直貼片做類似的彎折處理,有效降低天線的整體高度。通過采用E型貼片結(jié)構(gòu)和新的階梯狀饋線,天線實(shí)現(xiàn)了66.7%的相對帶寬,交叉極化平均低于-30dB,增益穩(wěn)定在8.6dBi左右。2、提出了一種平面印刷磁電偶極子天線。天線印制在PCB板上,天線實(shí)測帶寬達(dá)32.7%,工作頻段為4.6GHz-6.4GHz。四層介質(zhì)板疊壓在一起,在這里把金屬過孔巧妙地用作磁偶極子。該天線在工作帶寬內(nèi)方向圖具有高度一致性,電性能出色。3、提出了一種可用于導(dǎo)航的加載磁電偶極子的平面印刷十字振子天線。該天線工作在GPS的L1頻段,加載磁電偶極子以達(dá)到展寬帶寬和軸比波束寬度的目的。此后根據(jù)蝶形天線的啟發(fā)將振子改為漸變式設(shè)計(jì),將帶寬從原先的37.5%提高到57.1%,能同時(shí)覆蓋GPS的L1波段和北斗的S頻段(VSWR1.5),同時(shí)軸比均在3dB以下。帶寬內(nèi)平均增益超過9dBi,且呈現(xiàn)良好的圓極化特性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern mobile communication, such as 3G, LTE, WiFi, UWB and so on, the research of broadband one-way antenna becomes hot. It is generally required that the antenna has a broad band and a better directional radiation characteristic, a lower cross-polarization, a stable gain and a better direction map in the operating band, as much as possible with low cost and low profile characteristics. The magnetic dipole antenna is the antenna structure proposed by Luk in 2006, and its goal is to design a broadband antenna with stable frequency characteristic and capable of suppressing the back-lobe radiation. The new type of antenna can obtain 43.8% of the relative bandwidth, and the gain in the operating band can fluctuate around 8 dBi small range. The cross-polarization can be effectively reduced, and the E-plane and the H-plane can have a symmetrical directional pattern and are relatively stable in the working frequency band. The main work of this paper is based on the principle and model of the magnetic dipole of Luk. In this paper, an E-type patch magnetic dipole antenna is proposed to further extend the bandwidth. And then a plane-printed magnetic dipole antenna and a cross-cross-oscillator antenna for loading the magnetic dipole are designed and an improved cross-cross-oscillator antenna is designed. The innovation point of this paper is as follows:1. An E-type broadband magnetic dipole antenna is proposed. The antenna adopts a stepped feed line and performs a similar bending process on the vertical patch to effectively reduce the overall height of the antenna. By adopting the E-type patch structure and the new stepped feeder, the relative bandwidth of 66.7% is realized by the antenna, the cross-polarization is below -30dB, the gain is stable at about 8.6 dBi, and a planar printed magnetic dipole antenna is proposed. The antenna is printed on the PCB, the measured bandwidth of the antenna is 32.7%, and the operating frequency band is 4.6 GHz-6.4 GHz. The four-layer dielectric plates are laminated together, where the metal vias are skillfully used as magnetic dipoles. The antenna has the advantages of high consistency and excellent electrical performance in the direction diagram of the working bandwidth, and provides a planar printed cross-oscillator antenna which can be used for navigation loading magnetic electric dipoles. The antenna operates in the L1 frequency band of the GPS and loads the magnetic dipole to achieve the purpose of widening the bandwidth and the beam width of the shaft. After that, according to the heuristic of the butterfly antenna, the transducer is changed to a gradual design, the bandwidth is increased from 37.5% to 57.1%, the L1 wave band of the GPS and the S frequency band of the Beidou (VSWR1.5) can be covered at the same time, and the axial ratio is below 3 dB. The average gain in the bandwidth exceeds 9 dBi and exhibits good circular polarization characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN821.4

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本文編號：2488025