本文關(guān)鍵詞： 機(jī)會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 消息價(jià)值 自私節(jié)點(diǎn) 虛擬貨幣 激勵(lì)策略　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：機(jī)會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是具有一般容忍延遲網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征的移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò),采用“存儲(chǔ)-攜帶-轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)”的通信模式,消息投遞率低、網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)銷大。由于節(jié)點(diǎn)自身資源受限,導(dǎo)致節(jié)點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)出拒絕轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息的自私性行為,造成網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能下降。為了提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能,本文在分析經(jīng)典的機(jī)會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議和激勵(lì)策略的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于消息價(jià)值的路由協(xié)議和基于可透支虛擬貨幣機(jī)制的激勵(lì)策略。機(jī)會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議的關(guān)鍵是選擇合適的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn),經(jīng)典的基于歷史相遇信息的概率路由協(xié)議僅僅根據(jù)一個(gè)時(shí)間周期內(nèi)節(jié)點(diǎn)是否相遇來(lái)計(jì)算相遇概率,沒(méi)有效利用節(jié)點(diǎn)相遇的歷史信息。本文提出的基于消息價(jià)值的路由協(xié)議(PBMV)中,利用節(jié)點(diǎn)的平均相遇間隔時(shí)間優(yōu)化相遇概率的計(jì)算,使得相遇概率更能反映實(shí)際情況,選擇的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)更加準(zhǔn)確。同時(shí)對(duì)如何選擇轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,利用相遇概率、消息生存時(shí)間和消息長(zhǎng)度定義了消息價(jià)值模型,計(jì)算發(fā)送隊(duì)列中每一條消息的價(jià)值,根據(jù)消息價(jià)值大小決定發(fā)送消息的順序,減少低價(jià)值消息引起的無(wú)意義轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。仿真結(jié)果表明,與其它機(jī)會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)典路由協(xié)議相比,PBMV路由協(xié)議的消息投遞率至少提高了9.91%,網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)銷平均降低了44.94%,平均轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)次數(shù)平均降低了8.99%。機(jī)會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息時(shí)具有自私性,經(jīng)典的基于虛擬貨幣的節(jié)點(diǎn)激勵(lì)策略將消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)抽象成類似現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的交易,節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息時(shí)需要向轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)支付虛擬貨幣,也可以通過(guò)為其他節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息賺取虛擬貨幣。但大多激勵(lì)策略都存在虛擬貨幣不足和虛假報(bào)價(jià)的問(wèn)題。為解決上述問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種基于可透支虛擬貨幣機(jī)制的節(jié)點(diǎn)激勵(lì)策略(NIS)。NIS策略以節(jié)點(diǎn)消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)能力作為貨幣透支擔(dān)保來(lái)解決虛擬貨幣不足的問(wèn)題;策略中的交易機(jī)制保持資源狀態(tài)和財(cái)富狀態(tài)公開(kāi),如果消息交易無(wú)法一次完成,交易雙方將根據(jù)對(duì)方的資源狀態(tài)和財(cái)富狀態(tài)友好地二次議價(jià)來(lái)抑制節(jié)點(diǎn)虛假報(bào)價(jià)的問(wèn)題。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該策略的節(jié)點(diǎn)激勵(lì)機(jī)制的有效性、可透支虛擬貨幣機(jī)制的有效性,并驗(yàn)證了在惡意節(jié)點(diǎn)存在的情況下,網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能變化不大,說(shuō)明該策略可以有效地抑制節(jié)點(diǎn)的虛假報(bào)價(jià)現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Opportunity network is a kind of mobile ad hoc network with the characteristics of general tolerant delay network. It adopts the communication mode of "store-carry-forward". The message delivery rate is low and the network overhead is large. In order to improve the network performance, this paper analyzes the classical opportunistic network routing protocol and incentive strategy. A routing protocol based on message value and an incentive strategy based on overdraft virtual currency mechanism are proposed. The key of opportunistic network routing protocol is to select appropriate forwarding nodes. The classical probabilistic routing protocol based on historical encounter information only calculates the encounter probability according to whether the nodes meet in a time period. In the proposed routing protocol based on message value (PBMV), the average encounter interval time of nodes is used to optimize the encounter probability calculation. The encounter probability can reflect the actual situation more accurately and the selected forwarding node is more accurate. At the same time how to select the forwarding message is optimized and the encounter probability is used. Message lifetime and message length define a message value model, calculate the value of each message in the sending queue, and determine the order in which the message is sent according to the value of the message. The simulation results show that the message delivery rate of PBMV-routing protocol is at least 9.91% higher than that of other classical routing protocols in opportunistic networks. The average network overhead is reduced by 44.94 and the average number of forwarding is reduced by 8.99. the nodes in the opportunistic network have selfishness when forwarding messages. The classic node incentive strategy based on virtual currency abstracts message forwarding into a transaction similar to real life. When nodes forward messages, they need to pay virtual currency to the forwarding node. It is also possible to earn virtual currency by forwarding messages for other nodes. However, most incentive strategies have the problems of insufficient virtual currency and false quotation. In this paper, a node incentive strategy based on overdraft virtual currency mechanism is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient virtual currency by using node message forwarding ability as currency overdraft guarantee. The trading mechanism in the policy keeps the state of resources and wealth open if the message transaction cannot be completed at once. According to the resource state and wealth state of each other, both sides of the transaction will deal with the problem of false bidding in a friendly way. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the strategy. The validity of the overdraft virtual currency mechanism and the verification that the network performance changes little in the presence of malicious nodes, which shows that the strategy can effectively suppress the false quotation phenomenon of nodes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5

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