【摘要】：艦載紅外跟蹤系統(tǒng)由于艦船受到海風海浪等擾動,致使紅外面陣圖像產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn)和模糊現(xiàn)象,給指控中心的操作人員以及圖像后續(xù)處理中弱小目標的檢測、識別與跟蹤都帶來了一定的影響。另外,鑒于圖像數(shù)據(jù)越來越大和圖像處理算法越來越復雜等趨勢,對圖像處理平臺的性能也提出了更高的要求。本文基于以上三個方面的問題,進行了紅外圖像消旋復原、紅外圖像去模糊復原、高性能信號處理板研制以及復原算法并行實現(xiàn)的研究。本文主要進行了以下研究工作:1)、推導出了艦載運動平臺紅外圖像旋轉(zhuǎn)角度。通過分析艦載紅外跟蹤系統(tǒng)以及圖像發(fā)生旋轉(zhuǎn)的原因,從空間幾何角度定義了紅外圖像的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度。并依據(jù)艏搖角、縱搖角、橫搖角、方位角和俯仰角五個角度信息,在剛體繞定點旋轉(zhuǎn)的物理學知識上,利用四元數(shù)法結合空間解析幾何知識推導出了紅外圖像旋轉(zhuǎn)角度。最后在旋轉(zhuǎn)角度基礎上進行圖像消旋,復原出穩(wěn)定的圖像,緩解了紅外圖像的晃動程度,實現(xiàn)了電子穩(wěn)像。2)、推導出了線性運動退化函數(shù)的運動長度和運動方向。分析和定義了艦載運動平臺下,紅外面陣圖像序列的空間幾何關系,在四元數(shù)和空間解析幾何基礎上,得到紅外圖像視場的視軸角度差和退化函數(shù)的運動方向。并根據(jù)紅外面陣探測器的積分時間、瞬時視場和圖像幀頻等信息推導出運動長度。利用該方法推導的退化函數(shù)優(yōu)點在于運動方向是任意的,而不局限于特定方向下的運動。3)、提出了將推導得到的線性運動退化函數(shù)作為EM算法的起始值,經(jīng)過E步和M步的有限次迭代,得到了更加精細的退化函數(shù)。該方法提高了紅外模糊圖像去模糊復原的清晰度,并在實驗中得到了驗證。4)、針對圖像去模糊的復原算法存在振鈴效應的現(xiàn)象,提出了循環(huán)邊界法抑制邊界截斷引起的邊界振鈴紋波;并利用改進的受限制自適應復原算法復原圖像以及抑制棱邊振鈴效應引起的紋波。實驗表明,該方法在有效抑制振鈴效應的同時,突出了圖像細節(jié),圖像復原效果更加清晰。5)、圍繞圖像數(shù)據(jù)的快速傳輸和圖像復雜處理算法的高速處理兩個方面的核心問題,研制了一塊以TMS320C6678八核DSP為主要處理芯片的高性能信號處理板,并將紅外圖像的消旋復原算法和去模糊復原算法移植到具有高性能計算能力的八核DSP上。該移植工作充分考慮了并行技術的計算模型、各個內(nèi)核之間的負載均衡以及核間的通信與同步等,提高了并行性和計算效率。依據(jù)圖像復原算法流程和算法的計算量,設計了以數(shù)據(jù)流模型和主從模型的混合模型并行方式。實驗測試驗證了并行模型設計方案的可行性,基本達到各個內(nèi)核負載的均衡化,為進一步的程序優(yōu)化和工程實踐奠定了良好的基礎。
[Abstract]:Shipborne infrared tracking system causes rotation and blurring of infrared array images because the ship is disturbed by sea wind and waves, and detects weak and small targets in the operation of the command center as well as in the subsequent processing of the image. Recognition and tracking have brought a certain impact. In addition, in view of the trend of larger and larger image data and more complex image processing algorithms, the performance of the image processing platform is also put forward higher requirements. Based on the above three problems, the research of infrared image deconvolution, infrared image deblurring restoration, development of high performance signal processing board and parallel implementation of restoration algorithm are carried out in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) the rotation angle of infrared image of shipborne moving platform is deduced. Based on the analysis of shipborne infrared tracking system and the reason of image rotation, the rotation angle of infrared image is defined from the angle of space geometry. According to the information of bow angle, pitch angle, roll angle, azimuth angle and pitch angle, the rotation angle of infrared image is deduced by using quaternion method combined with space analytic geometry knowledge on the physics knowledge of rigid body rotation around fixed point, and according to the five angles information of bow angle, pitch angle, roll angle, azimuth angle and pitch angle. Finally, the image is racemized on the basis of rotation angle, the stable image is restored, the degree of sloshing of infrared image is alleviated, and the electronic image stabilization is realized. 2) the motion length and direction of linear motion degradation function are deduced. On the basis of quaternion and spatial analytic geometry, the angle difference of the field of view and the direction of motion of the degradation function of infrared image are obtained on the basis of quaternion and spatial analytic geometry, and the spatial geometric relationship of infrared array image sequence under shipborne motion platform is analyzed and defined. According to the integration time, instantaneous field of view and frame rate of infrared array detector, the motion length is deduced. The advantage of the degradation function derived by this method is that the direction of motion is arbitrary and not limited to the motion in a specific direction. 3) the linear motion degradation function derived from this method is proposed as the initial value of the EM algorithm. After the finite iterations of E-step and M-step, a more precise degenerate function is obtained. This method improves the clarity of infrared image deblurring restoration and is verified in the experiment. 4) aiming at the phenomenon of ringing effect in the restoration algorithm of image de-blurring. The cyclic boundary method is proposed to suppress the boundary ringing ripple caused by boundary truncation. The improved limited adaptive restoration algorithm is used to restore the image and suppress the ripple caused by edge ringing effect. The experimental results show that this method can effectively suppress the ringing effect while highlighting the details of the image, and the image restoration effect is clearer (5). Focusing on the core problems of fast transmission of image data and high speed processing of complex image processing algorithms, a high performance signal processing board based on TMS320C6678 eight-core DSP is developed. The algorithm of deconvolution and de-blurring of infrared image is transplanted to the eight-core DSP with high computing capability. The model of parallel technology, load balancing among cores and communication and synchronization among cores are fully considered in this work, which improves the parallelism and computing efficiency. According to the flow of image restoration algorithm and the computational complexity of the algorithm, a hybrid model parallel mode based on data flow model and master-slave model is designed. Experimental tests verify the feasibility of the parallel model design scheme, basically achieve the load balance of each kernel, and lay a good foundation for further program optimization and engineering practice.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院大學(中國科學院上海技術物理研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41

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