玉米(Zea mays L.)是模式植物之一,也是重要的C4作物,廣泛用于揭示全基因組遺傳變異和表觀遺傳調(diào)控,其基因組具有高密度的轉(zhuǎn)座因子(TEs)。C4植物的生產(chǎn)力取決于植株的生長和發(fā)育,生長季節(jié)的凈光合作用速率以及光合產(chǎn)物分離到谷物中的效率。C4植物具有高效的光合作用,使植物能夠在更加多樣化的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中生存。作為能量利用機(jī)制的光合作用通�？梢苑譃榘捣磻�(yīng)和光反應(yīng),這些過程主要受內(nèi)源和外源因素的影響。最近的研究表明,除了遺傳學(xué)的差異,表觀遺傳變異也可能參與C4植物光合效率、基因表達(dá)。本研究統(tǒng)計(jì)了12個(gè)近交玉米品系中葉色、氣體交換、葉綠素?zé)晒�、葉綠素含量等生理參數(shù),C4植物光合相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)量,以及包括5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)和N6-甲基腺嘌呤(6mA)在內(nèi)的DNA甲基化修飾的含量分析,以期揭示與光合作用相關(guān)的基因及表觀修飾變異。1.使用LI-6800便攜式光合作用系統(tǒng)估算了近交玉米品系的葉色、氣體交換值、葉綠素?zé)晒夂凸夂仙氐谋硇驮u估。玉米葉色含量揭示了氮含量足夠、不足或過量�；跉怏w交換和葉綠素?zé)晒獾倪M(jìn)一步測定顯示,從光合作用測量獲得的大多數(shù)參數(shù)在近交系中是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上是存在差異的。氣體...

【文章頁數(shù)】：92 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Abbreviation
Chapter1 Introduction
    1.1 Maize(Zea mays L.)
    1.2 C4 Photosynthesis pathway
        1.2.1 Photosynthetic pigments
        1.2.2 Gas exchange processes
        1.2.3 Fluorescence processes
        1.2.4 Genetics regulation and evolution of C4 pathways in Maize
        1.2.5 Epigenetic regulation of C4 Pathways in Maize
    1.3 DNA methylation
        1.3.1 N5-methylcytosine(5mC)
        1.3.2 N6-methyladenine(6mA)
        1.3.3 Plant DNA methyltransferases and demethylases
    1.4 Approaches for estimating DNA Methylation
        1.4.1 HPLC-UV
        1.4.2 ELISA-Based Methods
        1.4.3 LC-MS/MS
        1.4.4 Restriction specific enzymes
        1.4.5 Immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA(meDIP)
        1.4.6 Sodium Bisulfite treatment
    1.5 Maize methylome
        1.5.1 Genomic Distribution of DNA Methylation in Maize
        1.5.2 Methylated Domains across the Maize Genome
        1.5.3 DNA Methylation profiling at Maize Genes
        1.5.4 DNA Methylation Profiling among TEs in Maize
        1.5.5 Sources of variation for the Maize Methylome and Inheritance
Chapter2 Phenotypic evaluation of maize inbred lines
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Material and Methods
        2.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions
        2.2.2 Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements
        2.2.3 Chlorophyll Content
        2.2.4 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Leaf color variation
        2.3.2 Photosynthesis related trait variation
        2.3.3 Chlorophyll contents
    2.4 Discussion
        2.4.1 Environmental cues mainly affect the photosynthesis efficiency
        2.4.2 Chlorophyll Fluorescence efficiency
        2.4.3 Chlorophyll accumulation
Chapter3 Characterization of the C4 pathway enzymes genes in Maize
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Material and Methods
        3.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
        3.2.2 Gene identification and sequence analysis
        3.2.3 RNA isolation
        3.2.4 cDNA synthesis
        3.2.5 Quantitative real time PCR
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Expression profiling of C4 photosynthetic genes
        3.3.2 Genomic analysis of Rubisco activase
        3.3.3 Expression profiling of Rubisco activase and subunits
        3.3.4 Expression profiling of classical C4 genes in maize
        3.3.5 Photosynthetic transcriptional factors
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Rubisco activase and their subunits are transcriptionally repressed in maize Leaves
        3.4.2 Classical genes are key C4 photosynthesis regulators
        3.4.3 Photosynthetic regulatory network
Chapter4 Estimation of global and photosynthetic gene specific associated methylation levels in Maize
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and Methods
        4.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
        4.2.2 DNA extraction
        4.2.3 Dot blot assay
        4.2.4 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)assay
        4.2.5 Bisulfite conversion and sequencing
        4.2.6 Primer designing
        4.2.7 PCR amplification
        4.2.8 Cloning and sequencing of the amplicon
        4.2.9 Data analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Dot Blot analysis of DNA modifications
        4.3.2 LC-MS/MS analysis of DNA modifications
        4.3.3 Bisulfite Sequencing
    4.4 Discussion
        4.4.1 DNA modifications are dynamic in plants
        4.4.2 Contribution of methylation levels with phenotypic traits and gene expression
Conclusion
References
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CV



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