大豆(Glycine max L.Merrill)是世界上最重要的油料作物之一,其主要成分是植物蛋白和油脂,被廣泛應用于人類的食品消費和加工業(yè)。近年來,由于世界上對植物油脂需求的快速增長,因此培育高油大豆品種是育種者最重要的育種目標之一。然而,由于油脂代謝路徑相對復雜,致使采用傳統(tǒng)遺傳改良方法提高大豆種子中的油脂含量十分困難。本研究利用1551份不同來源的大豆種質(zhì)為材料,采用近紅外光譜法(NIRs)和氣相色譜(GC)方法,首先評價了大豆種質(zhì)中的蛋白質(zhì),脂肪和脂肪酸(FA)的組成,包括棕櫚酸(PA)、硬脂酸(SA)、油酸(OA)、亞油酸(LA)和亞麻酸(LNA),通過2年3點的品質(zhì)性狀的數(shù)據(jù)分析,明確了中國不同來源大豆種質(zhì)的主要品質(zhì)性狀的地理分布特點。其次,還系統(tǒng)分析了世界范圍內(nèi)不同國別來源(包括中國、美國、日本和俄羅斯)的633份大豆種質(zhì)的主要品質(zhì)性狀的變異情況。然后,采用BSA-seq方法,利用兩個高低油分含量的大豆種質(zhì)基因池,鑒定了編碼大豆油脂生物合成途徑中的關(guān)鍵酶和候選基因,為改良大豆油脂組成的分子育種提供理論依據(jù)。其主要研究結(jié)果如下:不同地理來源的大豆種質(zhì)的蛋白質(zhì)、油脂和脂肪酸...

【文章頁數(shù)】：162 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Chapter1 Introduction
    1.1 Uses of soybean
        1.1.1 Soybean protein
        1.1.2 Soybean oil
        1.1.3 Soybean FAs
    1.2 Soybean origin and domestication
    1.3 Effect of environment on soybean seed compositions
        1.3.1 Effects of the environment on soybean protein and oil contents
        1.3.2 Effects of the environment on soybean seed FA composition
    1.4 Effect of maturity on soybean seed compositions
    1.5 Metabolic pathway for oil biosynthesis in plants
    1.6 Molecular markers
    1.7 Next generation sequencing(NGS)and genotyping techniques
    1.8 Significance of research work
    1.9 Research objective
Chapter2 Profiling of Seed Protein,Oil and Fatty Acid Compositions in1025 Chinese Soybean Accessions from Diverse Ecoregions
    2.1 Introduction
        2.1.1 Research objectives
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Plant materials
        2.2.2 Field experiments
        2.2.3 Determination of protein and oil content
        2.2.4 FA extraction and determination
        2.2.5 Geographical distribution mapping
        2.2.6 Data analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Variation in seed compositions in1025 Chinese soybean accessions
        2.3.2 Accession type affects soybean seed composition
        2.3.3 Correlations between soybean seed components
        2.3.4 Principal component analysis(PCA)based on ecoregion and accession type
        2.3.5 Ecoregion and geographical factors affect soybean seed composition
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Summary
Chapter3 Natural Variation in Seed Protein,Oil and Fatty Acid Compositions of Diverse World Soybean Germplasms Grown in China
    3.1 Introduction
        3.1.1 Research objectives
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Plant materials
        3.2.2 Field experiments
        3.2.3 Determination of protein and oil contents
        3.2.4 FA extraction and determination
        3.2.5 Data Analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Variation in seed protein,oil,and FA compositions
        3.3.2 Effect of germplasm origins on the variation of seed compositions
        3.3.3 Effect of Maturity group on seed compositions
        3.3.4 Correlation analysis of soybean seed compositions
        3.3.5 Principal components analysis(PCA)
        3.3.6 Stability of soybean seed compositions across different environments
    3.4 Discussion
    3.5 Summary
Chapter4 Candidate Gene Identification of Oil Content Based on BSA-seq Approach in Soybean
    4.1 Introduction
        4.1.1 Research objectives
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Plant materials
        4.2.2 DNA extraction and extreme oil pools construction
        4.2.3 Whole-genome resequencing technology route
        4.2.4 Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analyses
        4.2.5 Association analysis and geographical distribution
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Variation in seed oil content in a diverse panel of1551 soybean accessions
        4.3.2 BSA-seq analysis
        4.3.3 SNPs and Indels calling
        4.3.4 Functional classification using GO terms and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis
        4.3.5 Identification of candidate genes involved in oil metabolic biosynthetic pathway
        4.3.6 Identification of protein-truncating variations(PTVs)related to oil biosynthesis
        4.3.7 Potential candidate QTL underlying oil content detected using BSA-seq
        4.3.8 Natural variation in candidate key genes involved in oil biosynthesis identified by BSA-seq approach
        4.3.9 Effect of natural variation in candidate genes on seed oil content
        4.3.10 Geographical distribution of oil content owing to DGAT2 and LCAT1 natural variations
        4.3.11 Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis
    4.4 Discussion
        4.4.1 BSA-seq and its potential in genetic mapping
        4.4.2 Key enzymes involved in FA and TAG biosynthesis successfully identified through the application of BSA-seq approach
        4.4.3 The role of PTVs detected in candidate genes involved in oil biosynthesis
        4.4.4 Geographical distribution of DGAT2 natural variant in Chinese soybean accessions
    4.5 Summary
Chapter5 Conclusion
References
Acknowledgements
Appendixes
Resume



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