水稻葉綠素合成缺陷突變體cbd1的鑒定及其功能基因的圖位克隆與分析
發(fā)布時間:2019-06-19 20:07
【摘要】:高光合效率是水稻高產的主要決定因素之一。葉綠素是植物光合作用中的主要色素,其含量的高低不僅能呈現(xiàn)出葉片顏色的深淺變化,同時也與植株的光合效率息息相關。通過水稻葉色突變體來挖掘葉綠素合成的基因并探討基因的作用機制,對于解析水稻高光合效率的成因具有重要的生物學意義,也為后續(xù)生產上超級稻的培育奠定良好的理論基礎。在本研究中,我們鑒定了一個葉綠素合成缺陷突變體cbd1(cbd:chlorophyll biosynthesis deficiency),其葉綠素和類胡蘿卜素的含量均顯著下降至野生型的2/3左右,表現(xiàn)為全生育期淡綠葉表型。對野生型和突變體進行同步溫度梯度處理后發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著溫度的下降,兩者葉綠素含量呈現(xiàn)相同程度的下降,這說明cbd1對溫度不敏感。透射電鏡觀察結果表明,cbd1幼葉中葉綠體的形態(tài)和類囊體的結構均保持完整,與野生型無明顯差別。同樣的,cbd1的株高、分蘗數(shù)、穗長、劍葉長、劍葉寬、粒重等農藝性狀均較野生型沒有變化。然而,有意思的是cbd1的每穗粒數(shù)卻顯著增加。遺傳分析結果表明,cbd1中的淡綠葉表型受一對隱性核基因控制。利用圖位克隆的方法我們將基因限定在第10染色體上,分子標記D5和RM25669之間物理距離為57.45Kb,其間含有10個預測的基因。序列比對分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),在OsHemA基因(Os10g0502400)的ATG上游約1.1Kb的啟動子區(qū)含有一個433bp的mPing短末端重復類轉座子的插入,導致該基因的表達量和相應的編碼蛋白含量均顯著下調。OsHemA基因編碼谷氨酸-tRNA還原酶(GluTR),催化葉綠素和血紅素合成的起始步驟,即將谷氨酸-tRNA還原為谷氨酰-tRNA-1-半醛。在cbd1中過表達OsHemA基因不僅能夠恢復葉片的表型,同時將葉綠素和類胡蘿卜的含量提高至野生型相當水平,這說明OsHemA基因下調表達是導致cbd1色素含量下降的原因。HemA基因最先在大腸桿菌中被發(fā)現(xiàn),在藻類、蕨類、苔蘚類和高等植物中都普遍存在。在絕大多數(shù)禾本科作物中,HemA基因多以家族的形式存在,然而在水稻中僅有一個同源基因存在。OsHemA基因在不同的組織中均有表達,尤其在葉片、葉鞘等綠色組織中表達量豐富。與野生型相比,cbd1突變體中OsHemA基因的表達量則呈現(xiàn)不同程度地下調,與之相應的,葉綠體合成途徑中的其他基因也隨之下降,這證實了 GluTR是一個關鍵的限速酶。GluTR蛋白含有保守的N-端結構域和C-端結構域,前者參與tRNA和NADP的結合,后者促進同源二聚體的形成。在水稻原生質體瞬時轉化體系中,HemA-GFP融合蛋白主要定位在葉綠體中,而GFP-HemA則在葉綠體和細胞質中均有定位。綜合以上結果證實:OsHemA基因是水稻中唯一的HemA同源基因,其編碼的蛋白作用于葉綠體上,對催化葉綠素合成的起始至關重要。
[Abstract]:High photosynthetic efficiency is one of the main factors determining the high yield of rice. Chlorophyll is the main pigment in plant photosynthesis, and its content can not only show the change of leaf color, but also closely related to the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. It is of great biological significance to excavate the genes of chlorophyll synthesis and explore the mechanism of genes through rice leaf color mutants, which is of great biological significance for the analysis of the causes of high photosynthetic efficiency in rice, and also lays a good theoretical foundation for the cultivation of super rice in subsequent production. In this study, we identified a chlorophyll synthesis deficient mutant cbd1 (cbd:chlorophyll biosynthesis deficiency),) whose chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased significantly to about 2 鈮,
本文編號:2502604
[Abstract]:High photosynthetic efficiency is one of the main factors determining the high yield of rice. Chlorophyll is the main pigment in plant photosynthesis, and its content can not only show the change of leaf color, but also closely related to the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. It is of great biological significance to excavate the genes of chlorophyll synthesis and explore the mechanism of genes through rice leaf color mutants, which is of great biological significance for the analysis of the causes of high photosynthetic efficiency in rice, and also lays a good theoretical foundation for the cultivation of super rice in subsequent production. In this study, we identified a chlorophyll synthesis deficient mutant cbd1 (cbd:chlorophyll biosynthesis deficiency),) whose chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased significantly to about 2 鈮,
本文編號:2502604
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