【摘要】：肺癌是全球癌癥死亡的首要原因,早期診斷是降低肺癌死亡率的關鍵,有許多研究在不斷探索肺癌診斷的新方法。在過去10多年,DNA甲基化作為表觀遺傳學的主要研究領域之一,其在肺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用已經有大量研究。許多研究表明,肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展涉及到包括多個腫瘤抑制基因在內的許多基因甲基化。這些基因異常甲基化所導致的基因沉默在肺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中起重要作用,而且這些基因在肺癌中的甲基化率顯著高于非肺癌,故具有腫瘤特異性,可能成為輔助肺癌診斷的良好標志物。許多基因例如SHOX2,CDKN2A,APC,RASSF1A,FHIT,DCC等在肺癌組織、淋巴結、支氣管灌洗液、外周血(血漿或血清)、痰等不同種類標本中甲基化率都顯著高于對照組,作為標志物診斷肺癌具有較高的敏感性和特異性。此外,聯(lián)合檢測多個基因甲基化標志物有助于提高診斷肺癌的敏感性和特異性。本文主要綜述檢測上述不同類型標本中基因甲基化以輔助肺癌診斷的相關研究,介紹一些對診斷肺癌有較高敏感性和特異性的基因甲基化標志物。
[Abstract]:Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer death in the world. Early diagnosis is the key to reduce the mortality of lung cancer. Many studies are exploring new methods for lung cancer diagnosis. In the past 10 years, DNA methylation, as one of the main research fields of epigenetics, has been widely studied in the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. Many studies have shown that the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer involves methylation of many genes, including multiple tumor suppressor genes. The gene silencing caused by abnormal methylation of these genes plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer, and the methylation rate of these genes in lung cancer is significantly higher than that in non-lung cancer, so these genes are tumor-specific. It may be a good marker to assist the diagnosis of lung cancer. Many genes, such as SHOX2,CDKN2A,APC,RASSF1A,FHIT,DCC, were significantly higher in lung cancer tissues, lymph nodes, bronchial lavage fluid, peripheral blood (plasma or serum), and sputum than in the control group. As a marker, the diagnosis of lung cancer has high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the combined detection of multiple gene methylation markers can improve the sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer diagnosis. This article mainly reviews the related research of detecting gene methylation in different types of samples to assist in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and introduces some gene methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
【學位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R734.2

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