中國小家鼠Y染色體Sry基因遺傳多樣性分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-26 19:41
【摘要】：小家鼠(Mus musculus)屬哺乳綱(Mammalia)嚙齒目(Rodentia)、鼠科(Muridae)、小家鼠屬(Mus),是全球分布的人類共棲種。小家鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)室衍生品系作為重要的模式物種,被廣泛應(yīng)用于生物學(xué)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的各個領(lǐng)域。小家鼠和人類關(guān)系密切,其生物地理模式與遺傳分化模式可能與人類的遷徙、貿(mào)易聯(lián)系、文化交流、移民活動、古農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展等直接相關(guān)。中國疆域遼闊,地形復(fù)雜,全境都有小家鼠分布,但中國小家鼠群體遺傳多樣性,尤其是Y染色體遺傳多樣性缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。本工作首次以Y染色體上的Sry基因系統(tǒng)探究中國小家鼠父系遺傳的生物地理分布及遺傳進(jìn)化格局。通過采集15個省23個地區(qū)的212個雄性小家鼠個體,并進(jìn)行基因組DNA提取,Sry基因片段PCR進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增和序列測定,使用分子處理軟件分析堿基組成、定義單倍型,進(jìn)行多樣性分析并利用單倍型構(gòu)建NetWork網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖和貝葉斯系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,從而系統(tǒng)地研究Sry基因的特點(diǎn)和父系遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)特征。結(jié)果顯示擴(kuò)增的Sry基因片段平均長856 bp,基因堿基的平均含量分別為:A27.5%;T 30.7%;G 22.5%;C 19.3%,AT含量58.2%,存在明顯的AT偏好。該片段有73個多態(tài)位點(diǎn),簡約信息位點(diǎn)22個,基因多樣性較低。核苷酸多樣性(nucleotide diversity)平均為0.00356,各種群的核苷酸多樣性值從0.00096(周口)到0.00657(南寧)。總的單倍型多樣性hd(haplotype diversity)為0.729,9個種群hd值從0.249(上海)到0.833(南寧)之間。利用DAMBE軟件共定義了28個單倍型,其中S1和S2為主頻單倍型,16個地區(qū)的117個樣品擁有S1單倍型,12個地區(qū)62個樣品擁有S2單倍型,S1和S2單倍型分別占比50.5%和29.7%,其余26個單倍型只占19.8%。我們通過對各地區(qū)和組成單倍型序列的堿基組成進(jìn)行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同個體之間、不同單倍型之間堿基差異較小,并且遺傳距離也較小。根據(jù)單倍型分析和核苷酸多樣性分析確定Sry基因雖存在一定遺傳多樣性,但同時具有較高的保守性。通過構(gòu)建單倍型網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系圖可知S1和S2位為中心單倍型,其它單倍型以S1和S2為中心發(fā)散分布。利用單倍型序列構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹表明中國境內(nèi)小家鼠Sry沒有明顯支系,這與母系遺傳的線粒體系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹分為2個支系不同,揭示父系遺傳的Sry基因保守、進(jìn)化緩慢、突變率較低,在近緣物種間分歧不大。本工作為我們進(jìn)一步全面深入研究中國小家鼠的父系遺傳特征及Sry基因演化特征奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The (Mammalia) rodent of the genus (Mus musculus), (Mammalia), (Rodentia), (Muridae), (Mus), is a global human symbiotic species. Laboratory-derived strain of mice, as an important model species, has been widely used in various fields of biology and biomedicine research. The model of biogeography and genetic differentiation may be directly related to human migration, trade relations, cultural exchange, immigration activities and the development of ancient agriculture. The population genetic diversity of Chinese mice, especially Y chromosome, is lack of systematic study, because of its vast territory and complex terrain, and the distribution of domestic mice all over the country. For the first time, the Sry gene on Y chromosome was used to investigate the biogeographic distribution and genetic evolution pattern of Chinese mouse paternity. Two hundred and twelve male mouse individuals from 23 regions in 15 provinces were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted, Sry gene fragment PCR was amplified and sequenced, base composition was analyzed by molecular processing software and haplotype was defined. Diversity analysis was carried out and haplotypes were used to construct NetWork network map and Bayesian phylogenetic tree, so as to systematically study the characteristics of Sry gene and patrilineal genetic structure. The results showed that the average length of the amplified Sry gene was 856 bp, and the average content of the base was A27.5%, 30.7%, 22.5%, 19.3%, respectively, and the AT content was 58.2%. There was an obvious AT preference. There were 73 polymorphic sites, 22 reduced information sites and low gene diversity. The average (nucleotide diversity) of nucleotide diversity was 0.00356. The nucleotide diversity values of various groups ranged from 0.00096 (Zhoukou) to 0.00657 (Nanning). The total haplotype diversity hd (haplotype diversity) was 0.729, and the HD values of 9 populations ranged from 0.249 (Shanghai) to 0.833 (Nanning). A total of 28 haplotypes were defined by DAMBE software, among which S1 and S2 were dominant haplotypes, 117 samples from 16 regions had S1 haplotypes, and 62 samples from 12 regions had S2 haplotypes. S1 and S2 haplotypes accounted for 50.5% and 29.7% respectively, while the other 26 haplotypes only accounted for 19.8%. By comparing the base compositions of different regions and haplotypes, we found that the differences of bases and genetic distances between different individuals and different haplotypes were smaller. According to haplotype analysis and nucleotide diversity analysis, it was found that the Sry gene had some genetic diversity, but it was highly conservative at the same time. By constructing a haplotype network diagram, we can see that S1 and S2 are central haplotypes and other haplotypes are centered on S1 and S2. The phylogenetic tree constructed by haplotype sequence showed that there was no obvious clade of mouse Sry in China, which was different from that of mitochondrial phylogenetic tree inherited from maternal lineage. The results showed that the Sry gene of paternal inheritance was conserved and the evolution was slow. The mutation rate is low, and there is little divergence among relative species. This work lays a foundation for us to study the paternal genetic characteristics and Sry gene evolution of Chinese mice in an all-round way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q953
本文編號：2431089
[Abstract]:The (Mammalia) rodent of the genus (Mus musculus), (Mammalia), (Rodentia), (Muridae), (Mus), is a global human symbiotic species. Laboratory-derived strain of mice, as an important model species, has been widely used in various fields of biology and biomedicine research. The model of biogeography and genetic differentiation may be directly related to human migration, trade relations, cultural exchange, immigration activities and the development of ancient agriculture. The population genetic diversity of Chinese mice, especially Y chromosome, is lack of systematic study, because of its vast territory and complex terrain, and the distribution of domestic mice all over the country. For the first time, the Sry gene on Y chromosome was used to investigate the biogeographic distribution and genetic evolution pattern of Chinese mouse paternity. Two hundred and twelve male mouse individuals from 23 regions in 15 provinces were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted, Sry gene fragment PCR was amplified and sequenced, base composition was analyzed by molecular processing software and haplotype was defined. Diversity analysis was carried out and haplotypes were used to construct NetWork network map and Bayesian phylogenetic tree, so as to systematically study the characteristics of Sry gene and patrilineal genetic structure. The results showed that the average length of the amplified Sry gene was 856 bp, and the average content of the base was A27.5%, 30.7%, 22.5%, 19.3%, respectively, and the AT content was 58.2%. There was an obvious AT preference. There were 73 polymorphic sites, 22 reduced information sites and low gene diversity. The average (nucleotide diversity) of nucleotide diversity was 0.00356. The nucleotide diversity values of various groups ranged from 0.00096 (Zhoukou) to 0.00657 (Nanning). The total haplotype diversity hd (haplotype diversity) was 0.729, and the HD values of 9 populations ranged from 0.249 (Shanghai) to 0.833 (Nanning). A total of 28 haplotypes were defined by DAMBE software, among which S1 and S2 were dominant haplotypes, 117 samples from 16 regions had S1 haplotypes, and 62 samples from 12 regions had S2 haplotypes. S1 and S2 haplotypes accounted for 50.5% and 29.7% respectively, while the other 26 haplotypes only accounted for 19.8%. By comparing the base compositions of different regions and haplotypes, we found that the differences of bases and genetic distances between different individuals and different haplotypes were smaller. According to haplotype analysis and nucleotide diversity analysis, it was found that the Sry gene had some genetic diversity, but it was highly conservative at the same time. By constructing a haplotype network diagram, we can see that S1 and S2 are central haplotypes and other haplotypes are centered on S1 and S2. The phylogenetic tree constructed by haplotype sequence showed that there was no obvious clade of mouse Sry in China, which was different from that of mitochondrial phylogenetic tree inherited from maternal lineage. The results showed that the Sry gene of paternal inheritance was conserved and the evolution was slow. The mutation rate is low, and there is little divergence among relative species. This work lays a foundation for us to study the paternal genetic characteristics and Sry gene evolution of Chinese mice in an all-round way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q953
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 王金鵬;中國小家鼠Y染色體Sry基因遺傳多樣性分析[D];魯東大學(xué);2017年
，本文編號：2431089
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