【摘要】：大麻素(cannabinoids)是大麻植物中特有的次生代謝產(chǎn)物,主要成分為四氫大麻酚(THC,tetrahydrocannabinol)和大麻二酚(CBD,cannabidiol)。本研究通過對我國不同來源地的23份大麻種質(zhì)資源共69個單株材料中THC和CBD含量特征及其合成關(guān)鍵酶基因多態(tài)性進(jìn)行分析,鑒定了我國大麻種質(zhì)資源的大麻素化學(xué)型及基因型。結(jié)果顯示,69個單株中大麻素含量差異顯著,THC含量均值為0.56%,范圍為0.01%~2.45%;CBD含量均值為0.53%,范圍為0~2.24%;根據(jù)CBD/THC含量比值,大麻資源可劃分為毒品型(占44.93%)、中間型(占20.29%)和纖維型(占34.78%)3種大麻素化學(xué)型,毒品型、中間型中分別有93.5%和71.4%的植株中THC含量0.3%,纖維型植株中THC含量≤0.08%。3種化學(xué)型遺傳位點(diǎn)(共顯性位點(diǎn)B)的基因型分別為BT/BT、BT/BD和BD/BD;BT等位基因(THCAS)存在10個變異位點(diǎn),氨基酸序列有4處變異,BD等位基因(CBDAS)存在4個變異位點(diǎn),均為同義突變。根據(jù)THCAS和CBDAS基因多態(tài)性,設(shè)計(jì)了一個共顯性復(fù)合PCR分子標(biāo)記,可準(zhǔn)確鑒定出大麻3種化學(xué)型。研究結(jié)果揭示了我國大麻種質(zhì)資源中大麻素含量、化學(xué)型和基因型三者之間的關(guān)系,可為大麻素遺傳研究與利用提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Cannabinoid (cannabinoids) is a unique secondary metabolite in cannabis plants. The main components are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC,tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabinol (CBD,cannabidiol). In this study, the characteristics of THC and CBD contents and the gene polymorphisms of synthesis key enzymes in 23 cannabis germplasm resources from different sources in China were analyzed, and the cannabinoid chemical types and genotypes of cannabis germplasm resources in China were identified. The results showed that there were significant differences in cannabinoid content in 69 single plants. The average content of cannabinoid was 0.56, the range of THC was 0.012.45. the mean value of cannabinoid content was 0.53, and the range of THC was 0.2.24.The results showed that the content of cannabinoid in 69 plants was significantly different. According to the ratio of CBD/THC content, cannabis resources can be divided into three types: drug type (44.93%), intermediate type (20.29%) and fibrous type (34.78%). In the intermediate type, 93.5% and 71.4% of the plants had THC content 0.3, respectively. The genotype of THC content 鈮，

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